Chemistry

Chemistry

1. AS 2014-2015

2. Unit 1

   • Topic 1
     • 1.1
       • Atoms
         • Nucleus
           • Protons
             • Sub-atomic particle with + charge
           • Neutrons
             • Neutral charge sub-atomic particle
         • Electrons
           • Sub-atomic particle with - charge.
           • Orbits the nucleus
         • Element
           • Substance can't be broken down chemically into simpler substances
         • Atomic Number
           • Number of Protons in an atom of an element
         • Mass Number
           • The number of neutrons plus the number of protons in nucleus
         • SMALLEST COMPLETE UNIT OF ELEMENT. CONSISTS OF NUCLEUS AND ELECTRONS
       • Isotopes
         • ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT WITH THE SAME ATOMIC NUMBER BUT WITH DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS GIVING THEM DIFFERENT MASS NUMBERS
         • Physical Properties
           • Properties which don't involve the chemical nature of the element or compound
         • Chemical Properties
           • Properties which affect the way in which an element or compound reacts with other substances
         • some of isotopes's nuclei are unstable and undergo radioactive decay.
           • Unstable
             • Forces that make up the nucleus are unbalanced and there is an excess of internal energy.
               • Be radioactive as unstable nucleus emits radiation to become stable
     • 1.2
       • BONDING
         • Ionic Bonding
           • Chemical bond formed when atoms gain or lose electrons to form positive or negative ions
             • Loss or gain in electrons give the ion a complete outer shell of electrons
           • ION
             • An atom which has lost or gained electrons to take a positive or negative charge.
           • ionic bonds
             • Strong force attraction between oppositely charged ions formed during ionic bonding.
               • Electrostatic forces holding two oppositely charge ions together
         • Covalent bonding
           • Chemical bond formed when two or more atoms share electrons to gain a full, stable outer shell
         • Covalent bonds
           • Strong bonds which result from sharing electrons during covalent bonding
       • Representing chemical reactiosn
     • 1.3
     • 1.4
     • 1.5
     • 1.6
     • 1.7
     • 1.8
     • 1.9
   • Topic 2
   • Topic 3
   • Topic 4
   • Topic 5
   • Topic 6
   • Topic 7

3. Unit 2

   • Topic 1
   • Topic 2
   • Topic 3
   • Topic 4
   • Topic 5
   • Topic 6
   • Topic 7
   • Topic 11
   • Topic 10
   • Topic 8
   • Topic 9