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676575
Demographic Change, 1951-64
Descrição
A Levels History ('A closer look' notes) Mapa Mental sobre Demographic Change, 1951-64, criado por lizzie.lambrou em 26-03-2014.
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'a closer look' notes
history
history
'a closer look' notes
a levels
Mapa Mental por
lizzie.lambrou
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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lizzie.lambrou
aproximadamente 10 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
Demographic Change, 1951-64
Health and life expectancy
Birth rates ran consistently ahead of death rates throughout the post-war era.
Baby boom
Medical treatment improved under the welfare state.
Standards of nutrition and hygiene improved steadily.
Inward migration
Continuing flow of arrivals from the Irish Republic.
Starting in 1948, about 250,000 New Commonwealth immigrants arrived.
Outward migration
In the 1950s, Australia was particularly keen to attract new citizens.
Steady flow of British emigrants to North America.
1950s: 1.32 million Britons left
How and where people lived
Difference between town and country sharply drawn.
Countryside was dominated by agriculture.
Rural areas not yet faced by the creeping urbanisation that was to threaten village life later on
Communities had a strong sense of local identity.
Most people lived close to their extended families
This was about to change.
Various forms of social mobility, above all mass car ownership, started to drain the population away from town centres
Britain's infrastructure
Run-down and badly needed modernising.
Desperate need for housing development to replace war damage
From 1951, the Conservative government set the ambitious target of building 300,000 new houses every year.
Local government spent millions on clearing pre-war slums and building new towns on green field sites.
e.g. Harlow in Essex
Travel
Movement of population hollowed-out inner cities.
Many town centres found themselves separated from the suburbs by a belt of dereliction and neglect
Intensified by the impact of private car ownership
Changed the ideas of holidays and leisure
Housing development was pushed further outside towns and cities
Great demand for new roads to be built.
Motorways - unknown in Britain
Construction of M1 began in '58
1957-63: 1,200 miles of new main roads
Cheaper than railways
Railways went out of fashion.
British Railways, nationalised in '48, struggled to modernise the rail system
The Beeching Report of '63 recommended the closure of more than 30% of the rail network
Too far?
Caused fundamental social change, leaving many rural areas isolated
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