Atomic structure 1

Atomic structure 1

1. Protons

   • Atoms of a particular element have the same number of protons
   • Protons are not responsible for the chemical properties of elements
   • Atomic number = number of protons
     • Mass number + Atomic number = number of neutrons
       • e.g 12-6=6
         • Therefore the number of neutrons on C (carbon) is 6
   • Mass number= number of protons + neutrons

2. ·

   • Shell
     • The shell holds all the electrons
   • Neutron
     • Has the same mass as a proton but has a zero charge
     • Atoms of the same element differ in their number of neutrons (Isotopes)
       • Isotopes
         • Are atoms of an element which have the same number of protons but have a different number of neutrons
     • in the nucleus
   • Protons
     • They have the mass of 1 atomic mass and it has a +1 charge
     • Located in the Nucleus
     • the number of PROTONS is the same as the ATOMIC NUMBER
     • All atoms of the same element must have the same number of protons unless its an isotope
   • Nucleus
     • Contains protons and nutrons
     • Overall charge is positive
     • Compared to the entire atom, the nucleus is very small BUT very dense
       • most of the atoms mass is due to the nucleus
   • Atom
     • atoms are mainly empty space with a dense positive neutrons and electron shell surrounding the nucleus
     • It is composed from 3 substances: protons, neutrons and electrons
     • Is the smallest part of the element
   • Electrons
     • Electron has an insignificant mass (1/1836th of a proton) and a -1 charge
     • Located in the shells
     • Electron arrangement in an atom determines the chemical properties of the element
     • In a neutral atom, number of electrons ALWAYS equal the amount of protons

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