GLASS

GLASS

1. COMPONENTS

   • FORMERS(Silica)
   • FLUXES(help formers to melt)
   • STABILIZERS(keep the finished glass from dissolving or crumbling)

2. PROPERTIES

   • porosity/permeability: non-porous/waterproof
     • density: medium-high
       • conductivity: transmit heat & light but not electricity
         • hardness: high
           • fragility: high (type dependent)
             • ductility: very low
               • flexibility/plasticity: very high flex. & pla. when molten
                 • durability/life span: very durable (chemical rust not resistant)
                   • reusability/recyclability: very high
                     • sustainability/ carbon footprint: high embodied energy and carbon footprint, but ease of recycling/reuse makes it a sustainable product
                       • cost: expensive to produce & transport

3. TYPES & MANUFACTURE

   • FLAT GLASS
     • SHAPED GLASS
   • glass production process: FLOAT GLASS
     • FLOAT GLASS--TYPES
       • CLEAR FLOAT GLASS(annealed glass)
         • no further treatment, ideal in low risk/cost/ small size glazing scenarios
       • LAMINATED GLASS
         • a tough plastic interlayer(PVB) is bounded between 2 glass panes--improve the security & safety--the sharp fragments tend to adhere to the plastic rather than falling apart when crack
       • TEMPERED GLASS(toughened glass)
         • create a state of high compression in the surfaces of the glass by the process of heating and cooling--the bending strength is increased to improve the safety of the product--ideal to use in the high exposed situation or large size

4. OTHER TYPES & PRODUCT

   • Tinted glass, Wired glass, Patterned glass, Curved glass, Photovoltaic glass, Glass channels, Slumped & Formed glass,Glass fibres

5. DOUBLE & TRIPLE GLAZING

   • steel layer between 2 panes of glass
     • insulating & retaining heat
       • preventing heat lost in winter, not so useful in preventing radiant heat transmission
   • LOW-E glazing