Biology Unit 3: Detecting & Responding

Biology Unit 3: Detecting & Responding

1. Stimulus Response Model

   • Stimulus
     • Receptor
       • Communication System
         • Effector
           • Response
             • Feedback

2. Body Systems

   • Nervous
     • Neurons
       • Motor
       • Sensory
       • Connecting
     • Brain and Spine (CNS)
     • (PNS)
     • Action/Resting Potentials
       • Depolarisation
       • Repolarisation
       • Refactory Period
       • Synapes
       • Neurotransmitters
   • Skeletal
   • Muscular
   • Endocrine
     • Hormones
     • Glands
   • Cardiovasular
   • Lymphatic
   • Respiratory
   • Digestive
   • Uninary
   • Reproductive

3. Signals

   • Paracrine
   • Autocrine
   • Endocrine
   • Pheromones
   • Classification
     • Protein Based
       • CHON   lipophobic, hydrophillic
     • Amino Acid Derivative
       • CHON   lipophobic, hydrophillic
     • Lipid Based
       • CHO? lipophillic, hydrophobic eg. steroids, sex hormones 
   • Signal Transduction
   • Cellular Response
     • Apoptosis
   • Signal Cascade

4. Plants

   • Hormones
     • Gibberelin
     • Auxin
     • Cytokinins
     • Ethylene
     • Abscisic Acid
   • Defence
     • Physical
       • Bark
       • Cuticle
       • Cell Wall
     • Chemical
       • Enzymes
       • Toxic Compounds
     • Both Physical & Chemical
       • Galls

5. Pathogens

   • Cellular
     • Bacteria
     • Fungi
     • Single celled Protozoa
     • Multicellular Parasites
       • Endo/Exo
   • Non-Cellular
     • Viruses
     • Prions
   • Disease
     • Vaccine
       • Prevent Disease
     • Immunisation
       • acquiring immunity against disease
   • Vector

6. Anti-Pathogenic Substances

   • Antibacteria
   • Anitfungal
   • Anticeptic
   • Antiviral
   • Disinfectant

7. Immunity

   • Anitgens
     • Heavy & Light Chain
     • Binding Site
   • Innate Response (1st & 2nd Line)
     • 1st Line
       • Intact Skin
       • Tears
       • Saliva
       • Sweat
     • 2nd Line
       • Specialised Cells
         • Phagocytes
           • Macrophages
           • Neutrophils
         • Inflammatory Cells
           • Mast Cells
             • Histamine
         • Cytotoxic Cells
         • Dendritic Cells
         • Natural Killer Cells
       • Molecules
         • Complement Proteins
         • Interferons
         • Cytokines
   • Adaptive Response (3rd Line)
     • Humoral
       • In body fluid
       • B Cells
       • Antibodies
       • Helper T Cells
       • Cytokines
       • MHC I Marker
       • Memory B Cells
       • Plasma Cells
     • Cell Mediated
       • Within an infected cell
       • T Cells
       • Antigens
       • Cytokines
       • T Cell Receptors
       • Antigen Presenting Cells
         • Dendritic Cells
         • Macrophages
         • B Lymphocytes
       • MHC II Marker
       • Cytotoxic T Celll
       • Helper T Cell
       • Memory T Cells
   • Clonal Selection Theory
   • MHC Markers
   • Anitibodies
     • glycoproteins, also known as immunoglobulins
   • Autoimmune Diseases
     • Coeliac
     • Type 1 Diabetes
     • Rheumatoid arthritis
   • Immune Deficency
     • Allergies
       • Allergen
         • Pollen, Nuts etc.
     • Organ Transplant
   • Natural Acquired Immunity
     • Passive
       • Maternal Antibodies 
     • Active
       • undergoes humoral or cell medicated response
   • Artificial Acquired Immunity
     • Passive
       • antibody transfer (antibody serum for poison)
     • Active
       • immunisation
   • Target Cell