Ionization energies

Ionization energies

1. Energy required to remove the most loosely held electron from one mole of gaseous atoms to produce 1 mole of gaseous ions, each with a charge of 1+

2. The opposite are electron affinities

3. Affected by three things

   • Effective nuclear charge
   • Effect of sheilding from the other shells
   • Distance from the nucleus

4. All are endothermic

   • Positive enthalpy change