Theories of Learning

Theories of Learning

1. Main stages

   • Behaviourism
     • Pavlov & Skinner
       • Mechanical process
       • Reinforcement of stimulus-response
     • Audiolingual method
       • Mother tongue learning
     • Pattern practice (drills)
       • Meaningful contexts
     • Just imitative habit formation
   • Mentalism
     • Chomsky
       • Rule governed
         • Mind experiences
     • Acquiring rules
       • hypothesis
         • Underlying pattern
           • Prediction
   • Cognitive Code
     • Learner
       • Active processor
     • Think
       • Make sense of data
         • Meaningful interpretation
     • Problem-solving task
       • Learners' subject specialism
     • Reading strategies
       • Conscious students
     • Not sufficient
   • The Affective Factor
     • Learners are people
     • Cognitive and emotional
     • Gardner & Lambert
       • Motivation
         • Instrumental
           • External need
         • Integrative
           • Learners' desire
         • Individual matter
         • Relevance to perceived needs
     • ESP
       • Intrinsically motivating
         • Satisfactional experienc
   • Learning & Acquisition
     • Unconsciously
   • A Model for Learning
     • Network
       • Communication Links
         • Existing Knowledge
           • New Items
             • Softer
             • Harder
               • Further Learning
                 • Enormous leap
     • Solving problems
       • Obstacles ≠ Difficult learning
     • Need to establish the links
       • Enjoy challenges

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