MAIN COMPONENTS OF A GENERAL-PURPOSE COMPUTER

MAIN COMPONENTS OF A GENERAL-PURPOSE COMPUTER

1. central processing unit (CPU)

   • the part of the computer which interprets and executes the commands from the computer hardware and software found on a single integrated circuit on a silicon chip known as a microprocessor - these are not only found in computers but also in cars and many household appliances such as washing machines, microwaves and coffee makers

2. main/internal memory

   • the computer's main memory is the internal hard drive which is where the operating system, applications software and data files are stored
     • random access memory (RAM)
       • an internal chip where data is stored temporarily while running applications which can be read from and written to - it is considered 'volatile' or 'temporary' memory because its contents are lost when power to the computer is switched off
     • read-only memory (ROM)
       • an internal chip used to store data that needs to be permanent which can be only be read from and not altered - they are non-volatile memories because the information is not lost when power to the computer is switched off
         • contains the boot file known as BIOS (basic input/output system) which carries out a hardware check to make sure all devices are present and functioning then loads the operating system into the RAM
         • stores date, time and system configuration in a non-volatile chip called a CMOS which is battery powered
   • the main advantage of these memories is the fast data transfer/access times and their are capacity to store data

3. input devices

4. output devices

5. secondary/backing storage