2nd Language Acquisition

2nd Language Acquisition

1. BICS vs. CALP

   • Jim Cummins
   • Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills
     • This is what kids develop in their native language during their early lives. ELs develop this 2-3 years into learning.
   • Cognitive Academic Language Proficency
     • This is academic language, and not everyday language. ELs develop this after 5-7 years.

2. Comprehensible Input Hypothesis

   • Stephen Krashen
   • Input Hypothesis
     • Learning must be engaging to be successful. The result of this would be the EL understands what we tell them.

3. Affective Filter Hypothesis

   • Stephen Krashen
   • Bored or anxious ELs = higher filter
   • Comfortable and relaxed ELs = low filter

4. Critical Period Hypothesis

   • Eric Lenneberg
   • This theory states the optimal time when to teach L2.
     • The optimal time is between age 2 and puberty.

5. Common Underlying Proficency / Transferability Theory

   • In the world, skills and concepts are similar no matter the language. Once the EL understands the necessary vocabulary, those skills/concepts can transfer over from the L1 to the L2.

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