Industrialisation (continued)

Industrialisation (continued)

1. Stakhanovites

   • Alexei Stakhanov in 1935, dug out 102 tonnes of coal/ 1 shift = X14 normal amount
     • "Hero" of socialist labour
     • All workers encouraged to be Stakhanovites

2. Womens roles

   • Women used as workers in 5 year plans
   • Thousands new creches and day-care centers
   • 1937: 40% of workers = women. (12% increases from 1928)
   • 1937: 20% of builders= women
   • 1937: 70% of jobs in health= women
   • 4/5 workers in 1932/37 = women
   • BUT : restricted divorce and less independence
   • 1936: Abortion was made illegal
     • Birth rate increased from 25-31 thousand
   • Women with 6 or more babies payed 2000 roubles/year

3. Belomor Canal

   • 100,000 died making the canal
   • Representation of poor working conditions in Russia
   • Most workers =prisoners ( Jews, political opponents and Kulaks)

4. Other

   • Wages fell 1928-37
     • 1932: man+woman = 1 man/ 1 woman in 1928
     • Late 1930's : many soviets had well-paid skilled jobs
   • Minorities like Cossacks and Jews attacked + suffered racism
   • "Muslims hold back industrialisation in Central Asia" --> leaders imprisoned, mosques closed
   • No unemployment
   • Education= free + compulsory
   • 1940: more doctors/head than Britain
   • Homosexuality banned
   • 1935: Law made children over 12 considered as adults to stop juvenile crime

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