Mapa mental
Identity
Conteúdo do mapa
Identity
Class
- Groups who share a simular economic and social situation
- Theories
- Feminism
- Women work unpaid labour such as cleaning the household
- Women earn less and gain less power than men
- Marxism
- Popular culture distract lower class from the class inequality
- Conflict cause by different classes caused by power
- Functionalism
- Society benefits everyone of all classes
- The class system is needed to keep society stable
- Post modernism
- modern life does not focus on class status
- As diversity increases in wealth and money class statues is dismissed
- Feminism
- Theories
- Upper class
- Inherited wealth often in form of land
- Middle class
- Majority of population
- Professional or managerial roles
- Majority of population
- Working class
- Used to be majority of population
- Manual workers and those with trade
- Underclass
- Lack of opportunity and education
- Seen as negative
- Those who rely on benefits and are to blame for their own situatioin due to the choices they have made
- Groups who share a simular economic and social situation
Age
- Old age
- Ageing bodies represent ugliness and degereration. Older people have been socialised into thinking this about themsaelves
- Young Adulthood And Middle Age
- Charactirised by career and family
- Associated with negative terms such as 'mid life crisis'
- Youth
- 12-25
- Time of rebellion 'storm and stress'
- Childhood
- In some countries children are not seen as innocent. eg. young marriage
- Media: children are either portrayed as little angels or deliquent
- Media has brought a decline in childhood
- The world is run by adults. It is young and old people who are are most negatively affected by their age
- Theories
- Feminism
- Women are judged by their age
- Society favours young women
- Women are judged by their age
- Marxism
- Adults have most power, children are negatively treated in society
- Ageist conflict is necessary
- Functionalism
- Children and adults shall remain with different treatment to benefit society
- Age has no matter on social benefits
- Post modernism
- Younger people are taking over
- Technology is advancing by young people
- Children are being taken more seriously
- Technology is advancing by young people
- Younger people are taking over
- Feminism
- Old age
Sexuality
- Homosexuality was considered a mental illness. Now it is more accepted. But in some countries eg. Nigeria and uganda, homosexuality is illegal
- Rich (1980) argues that womens sexuality is opressed by men in patriarchal society, through institutions such as marriage, through sexual violence and rape and through the sexual objectification of woemn
- 'Compulsory Heterosexuality'- the way women are socialised into a subordinate and hetrosexual role, ensuring their availability to men
- Theories
- Feminism
- Women are portrayed through their sexuality eg. in the media
- Marxism
- Society is distracted by popular culture: distracts from issues with non-heterosexual individuals
- Functionalism
- Believe the nuclear (tradition family type) is the best for our society
- Post modernism
- Media is normalising homosexual relationships
- Feminism
Ethnicity
- 'Race' is socially constructed
- Religion you recruit, ethnicity you cannot
- Ethnicity is a combination of environments
- 'Race; is a term used to intellectually justify racism. This term is still used in the law-race legislations protect jews and sikhs
- Hybrid
- Mixture of 2 or more influences
- A persons indetity may be british but also a muslim
- Common for 2nd and 3rd generation immigrants
- Post modern: hybrid identities are becoming more common
- Feminism: this can include hybrid gender identities-people that have male and female aspects
- National Identity
- Socially constructed through symbols such as flags, athems, holidays and festivals
- Feminism: this can include hybrid gender identities-people can have male and female aspects
- Theories
- Feminism
- Ethnicity should not divide females
- Marxism
- The ideal ethnicity (white for western countries) will gain more power andbenefit more in that society
- Functionalism
- Society benefits all ethnicities
- Some ethnicities should remain on uneven ground to keep society stable
- Post Modernism
- Equality is slowly improving
- There are international movements for ethnic equality in western countries eg.black lives matter
- Feminism
- 'Race' is socially constructed
Gender
- Methods
- Education
- Teachers expect boys to misbehave more
- Secondary Socialisation
- Uses normality and devience to reinforce GRS. eg. separate cganging rooms
- Subject choices
- Boys: science, maths, (report talk) grils: humanities subjects (repport talk)
- Media
- Normalises GRS through images
- Secondary Socialisation
- Disney: women are weak and in need of a male hero
- Employment
- Secondaary Socialisation
- Glass ceiling
- Invisiable discrimination-stops women from reaching top jobs
- Glass cliff
- Women are premoted into insecure and precurious management positions
- Equal pay: 2015: 24.6%
- Family
- Primary Socialisation
- Education
- Theories
- Feminism
- Family
- Ann Oakley (1974)
- 1. Manipulation-discourage behaviour not considered to norm for that gender
- 2. Caniliasation-through toys, games and activities
- 3. Verbal Application-nicknames-girl-angel boy: solider
- 4. Different Activities-home-boys: wash the car girl: cook
- 3. Verbal Application-nicknames-girl-angel boy: solider
- 2. Caniliasation-through toys, games and activities
- 1. Manipulation-discourage behaviour not considered to norm for that gender
- Ann Oakley (1974)
- Family
- Marxism
- GRS is bad as it teaches people to work for capitalism
- Feminity teaches women to work for free in housewifr role
- GRS creates inequality and reproduces children to work for capitalism
- Functionalism
- GRS is good as it gets mena nd women to behave in the same way which stops individualism
- Society is more important than the individual
- Feminism
- 'asprcts of masculinie and femine that are biological and not cultural
- Methods