Modals & semi-modals 3

Modals & semi-modals 3

1. Absence of necessity

   • Past
     • didn't have to / didn't need to + base
       • 1. I didn't have to /need to pick up the kids from school.. 2. You needn't have gone out .
         • it wasn't necessary 
   • Present / Future
     • don't have to / don't need to / needn't + base
       • 1. You don't have to call us again. 2. He doesn't need to send his CV again. . 3. You needn't worry. Everything is under control.
         • It's not necessary 

2. necessity

   • Present / Future
     • need to + base
       • need can be main verb or modal. for example: 1. I need to go out . ( main ) 2. Need you go out ? ( modal ) 3. He needn't go out. ( modal )
       • I need to know how many people will be there .
   • Past
     • needed to + base
       • We needed to buy some more bread , so we went to the supermarket .

3. Obligation

   • Obligation
   • present/future
     • personal
       • from myself
       • must+ base
         • I must finish this by tonight .
           • I say so
     • external
       • from others
       • have/ has to + base
         • You have to drive on the left when you are in England.
           • It's the law
   • past
     • had to + base
       • When I was at school , I had to wake up at 7 o'clock every morning.

4. Prohibition

   • Present / Future
     • mustn't + base
       • You mustn't park here .
         • You are not allowed

5. Advice

   • had better
   • Present / Future
     • +
       • had better + base
         • threat or warning  stronger than should  'd better ( short form )
         • You'd better ask a doctor about it .
     • -
       • had better not + base
         • You'd better not talk to strangers .

6. Preference

   • preference
   • Present/ Future
     • +
       • would rather + base
         • usually followed by ( than ) 'd rather ( short form )
         • I'd rather stay at home than go to the park .
     • -
       • would rather not + base
         • She'd rather not have coffee.

7. Possibility

   • Present / Future
     • +
       • could /may / might + base
         • He could /may /might be at home now.
     • -
       • may/ might not + base
         • We may / might not go to the bank today.

8. Deductions

   • deduction
   • Present /Future
     • certainty
       • something is true sure
       • must + base
         • same form as personal obligation 
         • My parents must be at work now.
     • Impossiblility
       • I believe it's impossible 
       • can't + base
         • You can't be serious .