Population Change

Population Change

1. Key Words

   • Birth Rate
     • the number of live babies born per thousand of the population per year.
   • Death Rate
     • the number of deaths per thousand of the population per year

2. when the birth rate is higher than the death rate the population increases this is called natural increase

3. When the death rate is higher than the birth rate the population decreases this is called natural decrease

4. Countries go through five stages of population, this can be shown by the demographic transition model

   • Stage 1: fluctuating birth & death rates no population growth & a population of low and steady
     • Stage 2: High & steady birth rate, rapidly falling death rate, population growth is very high and is rapidly increasing
       • Stage 3: Birth rate rapidly falling, death rate slowly falling, the population growth is high and the population is increasing
         • Stage 4: birth and death rates are slowly falling and fluctuating, the population growth rate is zero & population size is high but steady
           • Stage 5: birth rate slowly falling, death rate low & fluctuating, negative population growth, population size is slowly falling

5. Population Pyramids

   • these can be used to show how many males & females there are in each age bracket
   • you can see from population pyramids if you have an aging population for example
   • Population Pyramid for an LEDC
   • Population Pyramid for an MEDC

6. Managing Rapid Population Growth

   • Problems
     • Social
       • Services like education cannot cope with the huge amount of people in the country
       • Children have to work to support large families so sometimes miss out on education
       • There aren't enough houses so people may be forced into making temporary housing in overcrowded settlements
       • there are food shortages if the country cannot grow or import enough food
     • Political
       • most of the population is made up of young people meaning they will have to spend more on education & childcare
     • Economic
       • Not enough jobs to go round
       • Unemployment increases
       • this leads to increased poverty to families that are already poor
   • Advantages
     • Political
       • there are fewer old people meaning the government doesn't have to spend as much on pensions

7. Population Case Studies

   • China's One Child Policy
     • China has the largest population in the world of over 1.3 billion people
     • To limit the population China's government introduced the one child policy in 1979
     • couples who stick to the policy get benefits like free education and longer maternity leave
     • Those who don't stick to the policy don't get any benefits and are fined part of their income
     • In rural areas there are some exceptions, these being you can have another child if the first was a girl or had a physical disability
     • The population hasn't grown as fast and not as many vital resources have been used
   • Indonesia
     • Made up of thousands of islands it has the 4th largest population in the planet
     • the population isn't evenly distributed around 130 million live on the island of Java
     • to solve the problems the government decided to pay people to move to the other islands
     • it started in 1960 when some people moved to the island of Sumatra
     • However the policy hasn't helped because it didn't stop the impacts of a large population and the population is getting much bigger

8. Managing aging populations

   • Economic Problems
     • the working population will have to pay more taxes to which the government use some of it to pay state pensions
     • Elderly people use the NHS more therefore the economically active people must pay in for longer so the government has more money to pay for it
     • the economy of the country will not grow as fast because less money is been spent on things which help it to grow
   • Social Problems
     • NHS is stretched more because older people need more medical care
     • more people will have to do more unpaid caring for older people meaning they will not have as much disposable income and become more stresse
     • People have to have less children because they cannot afford to keep them this leads to a drop in birth rates
     • People have to work longer to pay more into the state pension so they can live on it when they finally retire

9. Population Movements

Imagens e arquivos do mapa