Respiration and the Breathing System

Respiration and the Breathing System

1. Respiration is the Release of Energy from Food

2. Types of Respiration

   • Aerobic Respiration
     • uses oxygen to release energy from food
     • releases a large amount of energy
     • used by most animals and plants
     • Food + Oxygen → Energy + Carbon Dioxide + Water
     • Products
       • Carbon Dioxide
       • Water
   • Anaerobic Respiration
     • Does not require the use of oxygen to release energy from food
     • Releases a small amount of energy
     • Takes place in a fungus called yeast
     • Also called fermentation

3. The Human Breathing System

   • [Image: http://www.teachpe.com/images/respiratory_system.jpg]
   • Nose
     • Inhales air
   • Larynx
     • Contains vocal chords which allow speech
   • Trachea
     • made of cartilage
     • allows air to pass to and from the lungs
   • Bronchus
     • Each bronchus takes air to or from a single lung
   • Bronchioles
     • Carry air to and from the alveoli
   • Alveolus
     • each alveolus exchanges gases with the bloodstream
   • Diaphragm
     • a muscle that moves air in or out of the lungs

4. Differences between Inhaled and Exhaled Air

   • Inhaled air contains:
     • more oxygen than exhaled air
       • 21% v. 16%
     • less carbon dioxide than exhaled air
       • 0.04% v. 4%
     • Less water vapour than exhaled air
     • same nitrogen concentration as exhaled air

5. The Effects of Smoking

   • Damages the health of the baby in the womb
   • Increases mucous in breathing system
   • Leads to more lung infections
   • Causes lung (and other) cancers
   • Increases the risk of heart attacks