Atoms and Periodic Table Notes

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Atoms

Everything around us is matter made up of atoms.

Atoms have 3 main parts, the nucleus, the electron shells, and the electrons.

Every atom is listed on the periodic table and has an atomic number and an atomic weight.

An atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom.

The atomic weight is the combined number of protons and neutrons in the atom.

The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons.

2 electrons are allowed on the 1st electron shell and 8 on every electron shell following.

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ELements, Mixtures, Compounds.

Below is a diagram which specifies what elements compounds and mixtures are and shows what those atoms would/could look like.

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Periodic Table

First 20 elements of the Periodic Table:

Hydrogen, H

Helium, He

Lithium, Li

Beryllium, Be

Boron, Bo

Carbon, C

Nitrogen, N

Oxygen, O

Fluorine, F

Neon, Ne

Sodium, Na

Magnesium, Mg

Aluminium, Al

Silicone, Si

Phosphorus, P

Sulfur, S

Chlorine, Cl

Argon, Ar

Potassium, K

Calcium, Ca

Notes:

The Periodic Table is divided into periods ( >) which go across and groups which go down.

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Metal and Non - Metal Properties

METAL - Physical Properties

Conduct Energy

Conduct Heat

Sonorous sound

Reflective surface

Higher Density

Some are Magnetic, Iron, Nickel, Cobalt.

Opaque

High Melting Point

Malleable

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Other Common Elements

S = Sulfur

N = Nitrogen

O = Oxygen

Co = Cobalt

Cu = Copper

Fe = Iron

Na = Sodium

Zn = Zinc

Pb = Lead

Au = Gold

Ag = SIlver

Ni = Nickel

Common Compounds

Sulphur dioxide - SO2

Copper oxide - CuO

Magnesium oxide - MgO

Salt - NaCl

Copper Sulphate - CuSO4

Calcium Carbonate - CaCO3

Ammonia - NH3

Methane - CH4

Chlorine - Cl2