IMMUNITY - created from Mind Map

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INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE

ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM

INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

ANTIGENS

Rapid response to kill pathogens

Inflammation

Not long lasting

PHAGOCYTIC CELLS

Protective response

Destroy cause, remove, limit effects, replace tissue

Primary outcome: destroy and remove

MACROPHAGE

NEUTROPHIL

DENDRITIC CELL

MAST CELL

COMPLEMENT PROTEIN

Large

Recruit other immune cells to site

Found throughout body

Amoeboid movement

Hunt and destroy antigen

Most abundant

Arrive first

Contain toxic substance

Kill or inhibit growth

Release cytokines

Amplify immune response

Recruit other cells to infection

In tissue

Messengers

In contact with external environment

e.g. skin, lungs

between innate and adaptive

Presenting antigen material to T-cell

Contain histamine

Active: release histamine

responsible for inflammation and allergic responses

Blood vessels dilate

Become leaky

Increased permeability

Allows phagocytes to each infection site

Comprises number off diff proteins

Circulate as inactive precursors

Phagocytosis

Attract macrophages and neutrophils to infection

Rupturing membranes of foreign cells

Until activated

Antigens presents on macrophage surface

Humoral Immune response

Cell-Mediated Response

BONE MARROW: Cells mature

Stem cells

B cell

T cells

e.g. cell walls of microbial cell

Activate cells against specific

Serum (non-cellular part of blood

Antibodies secreted by B-cells

aka B lymphocytes

Production of T-cells

aka specialised lymphocytes

Recognises by T-cell

Only after antigen processing

1. engulfed by macrophge

2. helper T-cell recognises

Processes antigen

Prevents on surface

Activate other cells

e.g. femur

Migrate from lymphatic organs

From bone marrow and fetal liver

Become B and T cells

Recognise and bind antigen

May carry 100000 receptors

MEMORY CELLS

PLASMA CELLS

Helper T-cell recognise on its surface

Induce maturation and proliferation

Defend against bacteria and toxins outside

Long-living

For when encountering antigen again

Rapidly change to antibody-producing cells

After stimulated by antigen, secret antibody

antibody inactivate antigens

T Helper Cell

T Cytotoxic Cell

Activate T killer cell

Activate B cell

Destroy target cells

Recognise by surface markers

STAGES

3. tissue repair

2. phagocyte migration and phagocytosis

1. increased diameter and blood vessel permeability

Functioning cells/support connective cells create new tissue

Some repair fast (skin)

Some repair slow (cardiac muscle)

After 1 hour

Phagocytes appear

Squeeze between cells of blood vessel wells

Reach area

Destroy invading microbes

Increase diameter and permeability

Increases blood flow

Allows defensive substance into tissue spaces

Collects fluid leaked from vessels and returns to heart

Tonsils, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, red bone narrow, lymphatic vessels

Tolerance or intolerance

Substance producing immune response

SELF

NON SELF

ALLERGEN

Tolerant of body

Sometimes attacks itself

Type 1 diabetes

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

DUE TO BODY ATTACKING ITSELF

No longer recognised as self

e.g. type 1 or MS

Any foreign material provoking immune response

Cause allergic reaction

immune overreacts to normally harmless substance