English

Página 1

The passive voice

Use of Passive Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.

Form of Passive

Subject + verb to be + Past Participle (3rd column o irregular verbs) + by...

Example: A letter was written by anna.

When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:

the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence

the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)

the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)

Use of Passive with modals

Student's mustn't use cell phones in class --------> cell phones mustn't be used in class by students.

Subject+ modal + verb to be + Past Participle (3rd column o irregular verbs)+ by...

Never use by... for:

People

They---> Them

Obvious

Página 2

Articles

A /AN

WHEN WE MENTION SOMETHING FOR THE FIRST TIME.

TO DESCRIBES A PERSON'S JOB

THE

WHEN WE MENTION SOMETHING FOR THE SECOND TIME.

WHEN THER IS ONLY ONE OF SOMETHING

NAMES OF GROUPS OF MOUNTAINS, STATES AND COUNTRIES IN PLURAL

NO ARTICLE

NAMES OF TOWNS AND CONTINENTS, INDIVIDUAL LAKES AND MOUNTAINS

PLURAL OR UNCONTABLE NOUNS WHEN THEY ARE GENERAL

Página 3

CAUSATIVE FORMS

Página 4

Reported speech

FIXED PHRASE (PAST SIMPLE)

PRONOUNS, DETERMINERS,...

VERB TENSE/ TIME EXPRESSION.

PRES. SIMPLE---> PAST SIMPLE

PRES. CONT------>PAST CONTINUOUS

PRESENT PERFECT---> PAST PERFECT

PAST SIMPLE----------> PAST PERFECT

PAST PERFECT = PAST PERFECT

Página 5

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

POSESION: WHOSE

PLACES: WHERE

PEOPLE: WHO

TIMES: WHEN

OBJECTS: WHAT