Microbiology and Immunology

Question

Which of the following is NOT a general shape/structure of bacteria and microbes?

Answer 1

Cocci (spherical)

Answer 2

Bacilli (rod shaped)

Answer 3

Sarcodina (circular)

Answer 4

Spirochetes (helical)

Answer 5

They have two layers.

Answer 6

They have a thick peptidoglycan layer.

Answer 7

They have a periplasmic space.

Answer 8

The outer wall contains Lipid A.

Answer 9

They have a periplasmic space.

Answer 10

They contain peptidoglycan.

Answer 11

They only have 1 layer that is very thick.

Answer 12

They contain teichoic acid.

Answer 13

Microvilli

Answer 14

Sticky enzymes

Answer 15

Obligate aerobes

Answer 16

Obligate anaerobes

Answer 17

Facultative anaerobes

Answer 18

Facultative aerobes

Answer 19

There are 220 known bacterial toxins and they fall under two groups: exotoxins and endotoxins.

Answer 20

Toxins are poisonous substances produced by microorganisms.

Answer 21

40% of toxins cause disease by damaging the Eukaryotic cell membrane.

Answer 22

All of the above are true.

Answer 23

Cytotoxins

Answer 24

Neurotoxins

Answer 25

Enterotoxins

Answer 26

They are eukaryotic.

Answer 27

They contain sterols.

Answer 28

The produce endospores.

Answer 29

They have glucans, mannans, and chitin in their cell wall.

Answer 30

They are insensitive to antibiotics.

Answer 31

They are prokaryotic.

Answer 32

They have peptidoglycan in their cell wall.

Answer 33

They do not contain sterols.

Answer 34

Human plasma membrane

Answer 35

Fungal plasma membrane

Answer 36

Bacterial plasma membrane

Answer 37

Parasitic form

Answer 38

Saprophytic form

Answer 39

Tissue form

Answer 40

Contain a viral genome of RNA or DNA

Answer 41

Contain a capsid

Answer 42

Genome is double stranded or single stranded

Answer 43

All of the above are true.

Answer 44

Lytic cycle

Answer 45

Lysogenic cycle

Answer 46

Latent cycle

Answer 47

RNA --> DNA --> mRNA --> Protein

Answer 48

DNA --> mRNA --> Protein

Answer 49

RNA --> mRNA --> Protein

Answer 50

Trophozoite

Answer 51

Exoparasite

Answer 52

Trophozoite

Answer 53

Flagellate

Answer 54

Amoeba - sarccodina

Answer 55

Flagellates - mastigophora

Answer 56

Ciliates - trematodes

Answer 57

Sporozoans - apicomyplexa

Answer 58

Trematodes

Answer 59

Trematodes

Answer 60

Trematodes

Answer 61

Interruption of cell membrane structure/function

Answer 62

Inhibition of protein synthesis

Answer 63

Inhibition of nucleus formation

Answer 64

Interference with nucleic acid metabolism

Answer 65

The degree of pathogenicity

Answer 66

The relative ability of a microorganism to cause disease

Answer 67

How capsules, toxins, enzymes, cell wall receptors, and pilli allow pathogens to evade or overcome host defenses

Answer 68

All of the above.

Answer 69

gastric pH

Answer 70

phagocytes

Answer 71

It is the second stage of the innate system.

Answer 72

Phagocytes respond to peptidoglycan and mannose.

Answer 73

Migration of phagocytes and plasma proteins to infected tissues occurs.

Answer 74

Maturation of WBCs occurs.

Answer 75

Cytotoxic T cells (killer T cells)

Answer 76

Helper T cells

Answer 77

All of the above.

Answer 78

They are formed in the thymus and undergo development in the bone marrow.

Answer 79

They are formed in the bone marrow and undergo development in the bone marrow.

Answer 80

They are formed in both the thymus and the bone marrow and undergo development in the blood.

Answer 81

T-lymphocytes migrate from the thymus to enter the bone marrow.

Answer 82

In the outer cortex of the thymus, T lymphocytes acquire specific receptors (TCRs) which commits it to a single antigen specificity.

Answer 83

T lymphocytes respond by proliferation and production of a clone of cells (clonal selection).

Answer 84

T lymphocytes differentiate to express CD3, CD4 and CD8 receptors.

Answer 85

CD4+ (helper T cells)

Answer 86

CD8+ (killer T cells)

Answer 87

Cytotoxic cells

Answer 88

All of the above.

Answer 89

CD4+ (helper T cells)

Answer 90

CD8+ (killer T cells)

Answer 91

Cytotoxic cells

Answer 92

All of the above.

Answer 93

Interact with antigenic epitopes.

Answer 94

Develop in plasma cells, secreting large amount of antibody.

Answer 95

Circulate as memory cells.

Answer 96

Hide antigenic peptides from T cells.

Answer 97

Action requires days to develop.

Answer 98

Contains macrophages, granulocytes, natural killer cells, complements, HCl, lysozymes.

Answer 99

Response is specific.

Answer 100

Contains T cells and B cells.

Answer 101

It contains macrophages and granulocytes.

Answer 102

It is non specific.

Answer 103

It can be humeral or cell mediated.

Answer 104

Its action is immediate.

Answer 105

It is a short term immunization.

Answer 106

It is not produced by the host.

Answer 107

The antibodies are passed through the placenta to the fetus.

Answer 108

Vaccination with live or killed infectious agents.

Answer 109

Measles or mumps.

Answer 110

Short term immunization

Answer 111

Placenta to fetus

Answer 112

Lysis of cells.

Answer 113

Attracting white blood cells.

Answer 114

Quarantining pathogens.

Answer 115

Enhancement of phagocytosis.

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