297018
Descrição
Quiz por Petite Piplup, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Petite Piplup
mais de 10 anos atrás
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Questão 1
Questão
What are the ABCs of attitude formation?
Responda
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Affect, Behaviour, Cognition
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Attitude, Behaviour, Cognition
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Affect, Behaviour, Construction
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Attitude, Behaviour, Construction
Questão 2
Questão
In relation to an attitude object what is "affect"?
Responda
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Feelings/emotions influence attitudes
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The affect the attitude has on others areas
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The feelings/emotions that derive from the attitudes
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The feelings other individuals have towards an attitude object
Questão 3
Questão
What are behavioural attitude sources? - MORE INFO IN NOTES
Responda
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Infer attitudes based on own behaviour
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Infer attitudes based on other's behaviour
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Form attitudes based on own behaviour
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Form attitudes based on other's behaviour
Questão 4
Questão
What are cognitive attitude sources?
Responda
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Based on rational arguments for and against the attitude object
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Based on reflections of feelings related to attitude object
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Attitudes formed based on reliable sources, such as research papers
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Based on rational arguments presented to the individual for/against the attitude object
Questão 5
Questão
Affective attitude source: What is the mere exposure effect?
Responda
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The more the exposure toward an attitude object, the more favourable the attitude towards it
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The more to exposure to an attitude object, the less favourable the attitude towards it
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The more exposure to an attitude object the more likely the opposite attitude towards it is to form
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The more exposure to an attitude object the more likely the current attitude towards it is to strengthen
Questão 6
Questão
Behavioural attitude source: Outline Bem's self-perception theory
Responda
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When unable to directly access an attitude an individual will infer it based on their behaviour
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When unable to directly access an attitude an individual will infer it based on others' behaviour
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When unable to directly access an attitude an individual will form a new attitude based on logical reasoning
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When unable to directly access an attitude an individual will form a new attitude based on their current social situation
Questão 7
Questão
Affective attitude source: What did Zajonc (1968) find regarding the mere exposure effect?
Responda
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Individuals more likely to say that familiar nonsense words/characters (exposed to earlier in experiment) meant something positive
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Individuals more likely to say that familiar nonsense words/characters (exposed to earlier in experiment) meant something negative
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Familiar objects are perceived more fluently
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Familiar objects are perceived less fluently
Questão 8
Questão
Affective attitude source: What two processes did Bornstein & D'Agostino (1992) argue resulted in the mere exposure effect?
Responda
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Familiar objects perceived more fluently
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Individuals make incorrect attribution for this perceptual fluency
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The more people around the individual that "likes" the AO leads to the individual believing they should "like" it too
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The individual will construct for and against opinions of the AO based on others' reactions to it
Questão 9
Questão
What is the Social Learning approach to how attitudes form?
Responda
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Individuals acquire attitudes/behaviours from others
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Individuals are told by others how to behave and what their attitudes should be
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Individuals construct their own attitudes and bahviours based on information they observe from significant others
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Individuals act in a similar way to others and adopt others' attitudes in order to gain social acceptance
Questão 10
Questão
Social Learning: Outline Classical Conditioning
Responda
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A stimulus is associated with AO that elicits pos/neg response, then pos/neg attitude forms to stimulus
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A behaviour is met by positive or negative reinforcement or punishment, therefore the behaviour is then associated with a pos/neg attitude
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The behaviour is repeated due to praise from a significant other, pairing a positive attitude to the behaviour
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The behaviour is stopped due to criticism from a significant other, pairing a negative attitude to the behaviour
Questão 11
Questão
Social Learning: What is subliminal conditioning?
Responda
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Unconscious classical conditioning
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Conditioning of a pos/neg attitude towards an AO under hypontism
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Conditioning of a pos/neg attitude towards an AO in experimental conditions using deception
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Conditioning of a pos/neg attitude towards an AO whilst the individual is asleep
Questão 12
Questão
Social Learning: What is instrumental conditioning?
Responda
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Attitudes can be reinforced/diffused via pos/neg reinforcement and punishment
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Stimulus associated with AO that elicits pos/neg response, then pos/neg attitude forms to stimulus
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Attitudes/behaviours influenced by observing others
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Conditioning that occurs unconsciously through observing others
Questão 13
Questão
Social Learning: What is observational learning?
Responda
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Attitudes/behaviours influenced by observing others
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Attitudes/behaviours formed due to wanting to "fit into" observed social group
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Attitudes/behaviours formed through observation due to not wanting to be socially excluded
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The majority influences the individuals attitude/behaviours
Questão 14
Questão
What do innate factors assume about forming attitudes?
Responda
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Some important attitude features are inherited
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Some important attitude features develop naturally despite genetics or the social world
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Some innate brain features lead to behaviours to occur that lead to attitude formation
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Forming attitudes is an innate factor that every individual completes in approximately the same way
Questão 15
Questão
Innate Factors of Attitude Formation: What have studies with monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic twins shown?
Responda
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Attitudes of monozygotic twins are more strongly related even if they are brought up apart
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Attitudes of monozygotic twins are more strongly related only if they are brought up apart
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Attitudes of dizygotic twins are more strongly related even if they are brought up apart
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Attitudes of dizygotic twins are more strongly related only if they are brought up apart
Questão 16
Questão
Attitude constancy and balance: Outline Heider's (1958) balance theory
MORE DETAILED INFORMATION, READ NOTES
Responda
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Consistent attitudes are in balance and form coherent whole
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Individuals balance arguments for and against the AO before fully adopting an attitude
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The attitude an individual has tends to remain constant throughout their life time
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The individual only adopts new attitudes if they are constant, and in balance with current attitudes
Questão 17
Questão
Outline social representations: The social formation of attitudes
Responda
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Attitudes are built up by groups via social interaction
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Individuals adopt attitude based on what others' around them think
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Individuals use social representations in order to form attitudes
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Attitudes are formed through observations of the social world
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