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Chapter 15

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biochem
Amy Arce
Quiz por Amy Arce, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Amy Arce
Criado por Amy Arce mais de 8 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
The reactions of energy extraction and energy use are called
Responda
  • metabolism or intermediary metabolism
  • metabolism or secondary metabolism
  • metabolism or globulary metabolism

Questão 2

Questão
Basic principles govern energy manipulations in all cells
Responda
  • Molecules are degraded or synthesized stepwise in a series of reactions termed metabolic pathways.
  • ATP is the energy currency of life.
  • ATP can be formed by the reduction of carbon fuels.
  • Although many reactions occur inside a cell, there are a limited number of reaction types involving particular intermediates that are common to all metabolic pathways.
  • Metabolic pathways are highly regulated
  • Energy is required to power muscle contraction and cell movement, active transport, and biosynthesis.
  • Metabolism consists of energy yielding and energy requiring reaction

Questão 3

Questão
Phototrops obtain energy by
Responda
  • capturing sunlight
  • the oxidation of carbon fuels
  • the reduction of carbon fuels

Questão 4

Questão
Chemotrophs obtain energy through
Responda
  • capturing sunlight
  • oxidation of carbon fuels
  • reduction of carbon fuels

Questão 5

Questão
Metabolic pathways can be divided into 3 types
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 6

Questão
Catabolic pathways
Responda
  • combust carbon fuels to synthesize ATP
  • use ATP and reducing power to synthesize large biomolecules.

Questão 7

Questão
Anabolic pathways use
Responda
  • ATP and reducing power to synthesize large biomolecules.
  • carbon fuels to synthesize ATP

Questão 8

Questão
Some pathways, called [blank_start]amphibolic[blank_end] pathways, can function anabolically or catabolically.
Responda
  • amphibolic
  • amphillic

Questão 9

Questão
Although anabolic and catabolic pathways may have reactions in common, the regulated, irreversible reactions are always distinct.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 10

Questão
Glucose is metabolized to pyruvate in 10 linked reactions. Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is
Responda
  • is metabolized to lactate and, under aerobic conditions, to acetyl CoA.
  • is metabolized to lactate and, under aerobic conditions, to acetyl Cox.

Questão 11

Questão
The glucose-derived carbons of acetyl CoA are subsequently [blank_start]oxidized[blank_end] to CO2.
Responda
  • oxidized
  • reduced

Questão 12

Questão
Energy derived from fuels or light is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cellular energy currency.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 13

Questão
ATP hydrolysis is
Responda
  • exergonic because the triphosphate unit contains two phosphoanhydride bonds that are unstable
  • endergonic because the triphosphate unit contains two phosphoanhydride bonds that are unstable
  • is used to power a host of cellular functions.
  • Enzymes can catalyze the transfer of a terminal phosphoryl group from one nucleotide to another

Questão 14

Questão
[blank_start]Phosphoryl[blank_end] Transfer potential is an important form of cellular energy transformation
Responda
  • Phosphoryl
  • Phosphatase

Questão 15

Questão
ATP has a [blank_start]phosphoryl-transfer[blank_end] potential intermediate between high phosphoryl- potential compounds derived from fuel molecules and acceptor molecules that require the addition of a phosphoryl group for cellular needs.
Responda
  • phosphoryl-transfer
  • acceptor molecules
  • phosphoryl group

Questão 16

Questão
What phosphate serves as an energy reserve in vertebrate muscle
Responda
  • Creatine
  • ATP
  • ADP

Questão 17

Questão
ATP must never be recycled to provide energy to power the cell
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 18

Questão
Oxidation reactions involve [blank_start]loss[blank_end] of electrons
Responda
  • loss

Questão 19

Questão
Oxidation reactions involve loss of electrons. Such reactions must be coupled with reactions that gain electrons. The paired reactions are called
Responda
  • oxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions.
  • deoxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions

Questão 20

Questão
The carbon atoms in fuels are oxidized to yield [blank_start]CO2[blank_end], and the electrons are ultimately accepted by oxygen to form [blank_start]H2O[blank_end].
Responda
  • CO2
  • H2O
  • H2O
  • CO2

Questão 21

Questão
The more reduced a carbon atom is, the more free energy is released upon oxidation.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 22

Questão
Fats are a less efficient food source than glucose because fats are more reduced.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 23

Questão
Compounds with high [blank_start]phosphoryl[blank_end] transfer potential can couple carbon [blank_start]oxidation[blank_end] to ATP synthesis
Responda
  • oxidation
  • reduction
  • phosphoryl
  • phosphtase

Questão 24

Questão
The essence of catabolism is capturing the energy of carbon oxidation as ATP.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 25

Questão
Reduction of the carbon atom may form a compound with low phosphoryl-transfer potential that can then be used to synthesize ADP.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 26

Questão
Ion gradients across membranes provide an important form of cellular energy that can be coupled to ATP synthesis
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 27

Questão
Ion gradients can couple endergonic reactions with exergonic reactions.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 28

Questão
In animals, 90% of ATP is generated when
Responda
  • the energy of a proton gradient is coupled with ATP synthesis in the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
  • the energy of a proton gradient is coupled with ADP synthesis in the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
  • the energy of a proton gradient is coupled with ATP synthesis in the process of reductive phosphorylation.

Questão 29

Questão
The generation of energy from food occurs in three stages
Responda
  • Large molecules in food are broken down into smaller molecules in the process of digestion.
  • The many small molecules are processed into key molecules of metabolism, most notably acetyl CoA.
  • ATP is produced from the complete oxidation of the acetyl component of acetyl CoA.
  • None of the above

Questão 30

Questão
Activated carrier
Responda
  • ATP is an activated carrier of phosphoryl groups
  • Derived from vitamins
  • Derived from minerals
  • NADH/NAD+ and FADH2/FAD are activated carriers of electrons for fuel oxidation

Questão 31

Questão
2. Two characteristics are common to activated carriers:
Responda
  • The carriers are kinetically stable in the absence of specific catalysts.
  • The carriers are kinetically stable in the presence of specific catalysts.
  • The metabolism of activated groups is accomplished with a small number of carriers
  • The metabolism of activated groups is accomplished with a large number of carriers

Questão 32

Questão
Many Activated carriers are derived from vitamin, B vitamins function as coenzymes, what other vitamins play a roles but do not serve as conenzymes
Responda
  • Vitamins A, C, D, E, and K
  • Vitamins A, C, D, E,
  • Vitamins A, C, D

Questão 33

Questão
4. Key Reactions are reiterated throughout metabolism
Responda
  • oxidation reduction
  • ligation
  • isomeration
  • Group transfer
  • Hydroltic reaction

Questão 34

Questão
Reactions in which carbon bonds are cleaved by means other than hydrolysis or oxidation. In these reactions, two substrates yield one product or vice versa
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 35

Questão
Metabolic processes are regulated in three principal ways
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 36

Questão
Metabolic pathways must be regulated
Responda
  • create homeostasis or a stable biochemical environment.
  • allosterically or by covalent modification.

Questão 37

Questão
To maintain homeostasis, the levels of available nutrients must be constantly monitored and metabolism adjusted to meet the biochemical needs of the cell.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 38

Questão
Homeostasis is maintained by three crucial regulatory strategies.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 39

Questão
The quantity of enzyme present can be regulated at the level of gene transcription.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 40

Questão
Catalytic activity
Responda
  • is regulated allosterically or by covalent modification
  • Hormones coordinate metabolic activity, often by instigating the covalent modification of allosteric enzymes.
  • Hormones coordinate metabolic activity, often by instigating the covalent modification of steric enzymes.

Questão 41

Questão
The energy status of the cell is often an important regulator of enzyme activity
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 42

Questão
Two common means are used to assess energy status: [blank_start]energy charge[blank_end] and [blank_start]phosphorylation[blank_end] potential.
Responda
  • energy charge
  • available nutrients
  • phosphorylation
  • kinetic

Questão 43

Questão
Opposing reactions, such as fatty acid synthesis and degradation, may occur in different cellular compartments.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 44

Questão
Controlling the flux of substrates between compartments is used to regulate metabolism.
Responda
  • True
  • False

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