Infectious Diseases

1. 1A disease is anything that threatens or compromises the health of an individual

   1. AVerdadeiro
   2. BFalso
2. 2What does biotic mean?
   
   [blank_start]Living[blank_end]

   1. ALiving
3. 3What does abiotic mean?
   
   [blank_start]Non-living[blank_end]

   1. ANon-living
4. 4What are the two things a pathogen (disease) can be?
   
   [blank_start]Infectious[blank_end] and [blank_start]Non-infectious[blank_end]

   1. AInfectious
   2. BNon-infectious
5. 5Non-infectious diseases can be spread

   1. AVerdadeiro
   2. BFalso
6. 6What are the ways non-infectious diseases can be caught?

   1. ALack of sleep
   2. BMalfunctioning of body structures
   3. CClose contact
   4. DEnvironmental Factors
   5. EGenetics
   6. FSneezing/coughing
   7. GTransmitted through air
   8. HNutritional Diseases
7. 7A pathogen is an [blank_start]agent[blank_end] that can cause a [blank_start]disease[blank_end]

   1. Aagent
   2. Bdisease
8. 8Pathogens that obtain [blank_start]nutrients[blank_end] from the [blank_start]host[blank_end] cell is called a [blank_start]parasite[blank_end]

   1. Anutrients
   2. Bhost
   3. Cparasite
9. 9What are the two types of parasite

   1. AEndoparasite
   2. BInterparasite
   3. CExoparasite
   4. DEctoparasite
10. 10A primary host is when they reproduce inside the host organism

    1. AVerdadeiro
    2. BFalso

11. 11A secondary host spreads a pathogen in a host body and infects it

    1. AVerdadeiro
    2. BFalso
12. 12What is an endemic?

    1. AWhen a larger than normal number of people is infected with a disease
    2. BWhen a diseases contagious-ness is at a low and constant level
    3. CWhen it spreads to other countries
13. 13What is an epidemic?

    1. AWhen a diseases contagious-ness is at a low and constant level
    2. BWhen a larger than normal number of people is infected with a disease
    3. CWhen it spreads to other countries
14. 14What is a pandemic?

    1. AWhen a larger than normal number of people is infected with a disease
    2. BWhen it spreads to other countries
    3. CWhen a diseases contagious-ness is at a low and constant level
15. 15The types of pathogens are:

    1. APrions
    2. BViruses
    3. CPlantae
    4. DProtozoa
    5. EProtists
    6. FBacteria
    7. GFungi
    8. HArchaea
    9. IMacroparasites
    10. JEubacteria
16. 16Which pathogens are abnormally shaped proteins which cause other proteins to become abnormally shaped, causes plaque to build up in the brain of their host organism, causing brain to form a spongy structure which results in large holes forming

    1. ABacteria
    2. BProtozoa
    3. CPrions
    4. DVirus
17. 17Viruses are [blank_start]non-living[blank_end] because they [blank_start]cannot[blank_end] perform metabolic processes. They are comprised of [blank_start]nucleic acid[blank_end] core and covered by [blank_start]protein shell[blank_end]. They enter the [blank_start]host body[blank_end] and attach themselves to a specific [blank_start]cell[blank_end] and then insert [blank_start]DNA/RNA[blank_end] into the cell. The host then makes new [blank_start]copies[blank_end] and then the viral cell [blank_start]breaks open[blank_end] the cell and [blank_start]infects[blank_end] other cells.

    1. Anon-living
    2. Bliving
    3. Ccannot
    4. Dcan
    5. Enucleic acid
    6. Fprotein shell
    7. Ghost body
    8. Hcell
    9. Iprotein
    10. Jvirus
    11. KDNA/RNA
    12. Lcopies
    13. Mbreaks open
    14. Ninfects
18. 18Which pathogen is made up of DNA covered by a cell wall called murein and are recognisable by their shape?

    1. AProtozoa
    2. Bbacteria
    3. Cfungi
    4. DMacroparasites
19. 19Which pathogen is animal-like and comes in a variety of shapes and sizes

    1. AVirus
    2. BBacteria
    3. CFungi
    4. DProtozoa
20. 20Fungi are mostly [blank_start]harmless[blank_end] but a few species grow on [blank_start]humans[blank_end]. Small fibres called [blank_start]hyphae[blank_end] can enter a host and take root in a [blank_start]dark[blank_end], [blank_start]warm[blank_end] environment.

    1. Aharmless
    2. Bharmful
    3. Chumans
    4. Danimals
    5. Ehyphae
    6. Fgluon
    7. Gabyssal
    8. Hglycol
    9. Idark
    10. Jlight
    11. Kwarm
    12. Lcold
21. 21Which parasite is a large parasite that is most commonly found as flatworms or round worms?
    
    [blank_start]Macroparasites[blank_end]

    1. AMacroparasites
22. 22[blank_start]Virulence[blank_end] is the ability of a pathogen to cause diseases

    1. AVirulence
23. 23Virulent factors include:

    1. AAdhesion
    2. BDNA replication
    3. CColonisation factors
    4. DInvasion factors
    5. Etoxins
    6. Fphagocytes
    7. GImmune response blockers
24. 24[blank_start]Colonisation factors[blank_end] are proteins that allow the pathogen to live and multiply within the host’s environment.

    1. AColonisation factors
25. 25[blank_start]Invasion factors[blank_end] are proteins that allows pathogens to enter cells

    1. AInvasion factors
26. 26[blank_start]Viruses[blank_end] produce proteins which disrupt host cell [blank_start]membrane[blank_end] or stimulate [blank_start]endocytosis[blank_end] so that the cell actually [blank_start]welcomes[blank_end] the virus into it. [blank_start]Toxins[blank_end] are proteins that [blank_start]poison[blank_end] host cells and cause [blank_start]tissue damage[blank_end]. A large number of bacteria and [blank_start]fungi[blank_end] produce toxins. They do this to feed on the [blank_start]damaged tissue[blank_end].

    1. AViruses
    2. Bmembrane
    3. Cendocytosis
    4. Dexocytosis
    5. Ewelcomes
    6. Favoids
    7. Ginhibits
    8. HToxins
    9. Ipoison
    10. Jtissue damage
    11. Kfungi
    12. Ldamaged tissue
27. 27[blank_start]Endotoxins[blank_end]: are bound to the outer membrane of the pathogen and when the pathogen is damaged or destroyed, the toxin causes an inflammatory response in the host.
    [blank_start]Exotoxins[blank_end]: are toxins secreted by the pathogen. They are usually specifically named to address the system they impact: eg. Neurotoxins.

    1. AEndotoxins
    2. BExotoxins
28. 28How do pathogens avoid detection by the body's immune system?

    1. ACapsule which switches it off
    2. BLayer of slime
    3. CSuper-antigens
    4. DSmall size

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FA2 Year 11

Autor

Hannah W

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English

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