680069
Questão 1
Questão
What is the system made of of cells and biochemicals inside of specialized lymphatic vessels?
Responda
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cardiac system
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respiratory system
-
lymphatic system
-
integumentary system
Questão 2
Questão
The lymphatic system
Responda
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transports excess fluid away from interstitial spaces
-
functions to defend the body against pathogens
-
clears sinus cavities
-
A & B
Questão 3
Questão
Lymphatic capillaries
Responda
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have a similar structure to blood capillaries
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have closed ends
-
extends into interstitial spaces
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contains fluid inside the capillaries known as lymph
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all of the above
Questão 4
Questão
Lymphatic vessels are ________ than veins
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-
thinner
-
thicker
Questão 5
Questão
Lymphatic vessels also have _________ ______ to prevent back flow
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pulmonary valve
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bicuspid valves
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tricuspid valves
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semilunar valves
Questão 6
Questão
Lymphatic veins lead to
Responda
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heart
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lungs
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lymph nodes
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brain
Questão 7
Questão
After lymphatic vessels leave the lymph nodes, they go to ________ ________
Responda
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carotid artery
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lymphatic trunks
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pancreatic duct
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medulla oblangata
Questão 8
Questão
Lymphatic trunks are named for
Responda
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the area they drain
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where they are located in the body
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where they are most prominent
Questão 9
Questão
Lymphatic ducts drain into two collecting ducts known as
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inferior and superior lymphatic ducts
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major and minor lymphatic ducts
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thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct
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right and left lymphatic ducts
Questão 10
Questão
The thoracic duct is ____________ and ___________ than the right lymphatic duct
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shorter and smaller
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larger and longer
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narrower and longer
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thicker and smaller
Questão 11
Questão
The thoracic duct drains
Responda
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lower body regions, left upper limb, left side of the head and neck
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right side of the head and neck, right upper limb, and right thorax
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right side of body
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left side of body
Questão 12
Questão
The right lymphatic duct drains
Responda
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the right side of the head and neck, right upper limb, and right thorax
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lower body regions, left upper limb, left side of head and neck
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right side of body
-
left side of body
Questão 13
Questão
Lymph is a ___________ __________ that has entered a lymphatic capillary
Responda
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plasma membrane
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interstitial fluid
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tissue fluid
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mucous membrane
Questão 14
Questão
__________ ________ forms when water and small molecules are pushed from the plasma in blood capillaries
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lymphatic fluid
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tissue fluid
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interstitial fluid
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plasma membranes
Questão 15
Questão
Tissue fluid is the same _____________ as plasma, just without the plasma proteins
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viscosity
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thickness
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composition
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weight
Questão 16
Questão
What causes the reabsorption of most of the tissue fluid back into blood capillaries?
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Osmosis
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Diffusion
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Filtration
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Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Questão 17
Questão
What is the substance that does not get reabsorbed into blood capillaries?
Responda
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tissue fluid
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interstitial fluid
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plasma proteins
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white blood cells
Questão 18
Questão
The increase in what caused by increasing tissue fluid pushes the fluid into the lymphatic capillaries?
Responda
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colloid osmotic pressure
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hyrdostatic pressure
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osmosis
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diffusion
Questão 19
Questão
Consequently, the increase in hydrostatic pressure caused by increasing tissue fluid into the lymphatic capillaries produces?
Responda
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plasma
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mucous
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lymph
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erythrocytes
Questão 20
Questão
Lymph formation from tissue fluid prevents _________ (aka edema)?
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accumulation
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clotting
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gas exchange
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all of the above
Questão 21
Questão
Lymph function includes
Responda
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absorption of dietary fat
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returns small proteins filtered in blood capillaries back to the blood
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transports foreign particles (bacteria and viruses) to lymph nodes
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all of the above
Questão 22
Questão
Lymphatic capillaries have a flap-like valve that opens when pressure outside is greater than pressure inside and closes during the opposite. What is responsible for this?
Responda
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holes in capillaries
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epithelial cells overlapping (but not attached to one another)
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slits in capillaries
Questão 23
Questão
The epithelial cells of the lymphatic capillaries are attached to connective tissue through filaments. This helps maintain
Responda
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rigidity
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elasticity
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lumen of capillary
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plasma membrane
Questão 24
Questão
Lymph vessels work by
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muscle activity that causes the bulk to flow
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pressure changes in the abdominal and thoracic cavity
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contraction of lymphatic walls in larger vessels
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all of the above
Questão 25
Questão
Lymph flow is greatest during:
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rest
-
heightened emotions
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physical exercise
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infection
Questão 26
Questão
Lymph nodes include
Responda
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lymphatic vessels
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hilum, afferent and efferent vessels
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none of the above
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all of the above
Questão 27
Questão
What is responsible for extending into the node and dividing the node into compartments
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hilum
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afferent vessels
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efferent vessels
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capsule of connective tissue
Questão 28
Questão
Lymph ________ flow where lymph can flow
Responda
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sinuses
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capillaries
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vessels
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tissue fluid
Questão 29
Questão
__________ ________ are the functional units of the node
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lymphatic capillaries
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lymphatic nodules
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lymphatic vessels
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afferent vessels
Questão 30
Questão
What is found in groups or chains along the paths of large lymph vessels?
Responda
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lymphatic tissue
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tissue fluid
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interstitial fluid
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lymph nodes
Questão 31
Questão
Places for _____ _____ includes the cervical region, axillary region, supratroclear region, inguinal region, pelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, and thoracic cavity.
Responda
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lymphatic vessels
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lymphatic capillaries
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tissue fluid
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lymph nodes
Questão 32
Questão
The two primary functions of lymph nodes are:
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filter potentially harmful particles and monitor body fluids
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drain infectious agents and maintain body temperature
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maintain homeostasis and regulate hormones
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none of these
Questão 33
Questão
Lymph nodes are the site of _________ production
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macrophage
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lymphocyte
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erythrocyte
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leukocyte
Questão 34
Questão
What "lives" in lymph nodes and engulfs and destroys foreign substances, damaged cells, and cellular debris
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lymphocyte
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leukocyte
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macrophage
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erythrocyte
Questão 35
Questão
What lymphatic organ shrinks in size after puberty?
Responda
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thymus
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spleen
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liver
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kidney
Questão 36
Questão
In the thymus, what is replaces lymphatic tissue as one becomes elderly?
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adipose and elastic tissues
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elastic and connective tissues
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adipose and connective tissues
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fibrous and connective tissues
Questão 37
Questão
The thymus houses _______ that develop into bone marrow. These are __________ and _________.
Responda
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thymocytes; lymphocytes and thymosins
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leukocytes; thymocytes and thymosins
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thymocytes; lymphocytes and leukocytes
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lymphocytes ; thymocytes and thymosins
Questão 38
Questão
The ______ is the largest lymphatic organ
Responda
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thymus
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spleen
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liver
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kidney
Questão 39
Questão
The spleen resembles a lymph node, as it contains _____ and _____
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afferent and efferent vessels
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hilum and lobules
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macrophages and lymphocytes
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lymphatic vessels and capillaries
Questão 40
Questão
Spaces in the spleen are filled with ______ as opposed to _______
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blood; lymph
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mucous; blood
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lymph; blood
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blood; mucous
Questão 41
Questão
The two types of tissue in the lobules are
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Red pulp and white pulp
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green pulp and yellow pulp
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blue pulp and red pulp
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yellow pulp and red pulp
Questão 42
Questão
White pulp of the spleen looks like ______ and contains _______
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rods; macrophages
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rectangles; leukocytes
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islands; lymphocytes
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squares; thymocytes
Questão 43
Questão
Red pulp of the spleen fills the remaining spaces of the lobules and is filled with ____________, __________, ___________
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red blood cells, white blood cells, macrophages
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red blood cells, lymphocytes, macrophages
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lymphocytes, macrophages, thymosins
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macrophages, thymosins, thymocytes
Questão 44
Questão
Blood capillaries in red pulp are ________, and ____________ may pass through.
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impermeable; nothing
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permeable; white blood cells
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permeable; red blood cells
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permeable; lymph
Questão 45
Questão
____________ and _____________ of the spleen work to keep the blood clean of particles, bacteria, and viruses.
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red pulp and white pulp
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thymosins and thymocytes
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macrophages and lymphocytes
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B-cells and T-cells
Questão 46
Questão
Essentially the spleen is responsible for:
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lymph node regulation
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filtration and monitoring of the blood
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homeostasis
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movement
Questão 47
Questão
The human body must defend against bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections. In order to do this, the body must
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prevent entry
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destroy pathogens after they enter the body
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create acid to kill organisms
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A and B
Questão 48
Questão
The two types of responses for destroying pathogens are
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fast and slow
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high and low risk
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innate and adaptive
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common and uncommon
Questão 49
Questão
______ are responses that act the same way for every pathogen.
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innate (nonspecific)
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adaptive (specific)
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immediate
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gradual
Questão 50
Questão
________ are responses that act a particular way for a specific pathogen
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innate (non-specific)
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adaptive (specific)
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immediate
-
gradual
Questão 51
Questão
Species resistance, mechanical barriers, chemical barriers, natural killer cells, inflammation, phagocytosis, and fever are examples of
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innate response
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adaptive response
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immediate response
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gradual response
Questão 52
Questão
Specialized lymphocytes recognizing non-self antigens, B-cells, and T-cells are examples of
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innate defense
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adaptive defense
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immediate defense
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gradual defense
Questão 53
Questão
As far as innate defenses, one species is not affected by the disease of another because the cells of the unaffected species have:
Responda
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too many receptors for the pathogen
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non-compatibility
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no receptors for pathogen, incorrect temperature or chemical environment
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none of the above
Questão 54
Questão
Skin, mucous membranes of respiratory tract, tears, sweat, urine, and saliva make up the "________________" and are _______ _________.
Responda
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second line of defense; adaptive defenses
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first line of defense; innate responses
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mechanisms of defense; superficial defenders
Questão 55
Questão
Enzymatic, accumulation of salt from perspiration, and interferons are also part of _________ _________, are known as chemical barriers (or the ___________________).
Responda
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adaptive defense; second line defenses
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innate defense; first line defense
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innate defense; second line defense
Questão 56
Questão
___________ are hormone like peptides released by lymphocytes and fibroblasts in response to viral infections. They stimulate cells to synthesize proteins that block the replication of a variety of viruses and stimulate phagocytosis.
Responda
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Enzymatic
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phagocytes
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macrophages
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interferons
Questão 57
Questão
The ________ ______ is a group of proteins in plasma and other body fluids that react with pathogens and begin a biochemical cascade.
Responda
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Complement System
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Enzymatic proteins
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Interferon groups
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plasma clots
Questão 58
Questão
The ________ ______ is a group of proteins in plasma and other body fluids that react with pathogens and begin a biochemical cascade.
Responda
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Complement System
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Enzymatic proteins
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Interferon groups
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plasma clots
Questão 59
Questão
Complement contains to pathways known as
Responda
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main and side pathways
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enzymatic and interferon pathways
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classical and alternative pathways
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superior and inferior pathways
Questão 60
Questão
Complement activation stimulates
Responda
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inflammation
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attracts phagocytes
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enhances phagocytosis
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all of the above
Questão 61
Questão
The pathway that causes protein to bind to the antibody attached to the specific antigen is
Responda
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enzymatic pathway
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alternative pathway
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classical pathway
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superior pathway
Questão 62
Questão
This pathways occurs in the absence of antibodies in response to foreign antigens - binding does not have to happen
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classical pathway
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interferon pathway
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alternative pathway
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enzymatic pathway
Questão 63
Questão
Natural killer cells derive from a small population of
Responda
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macrophages
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lymphocytes
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interferons
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complements
Questão 64
Questão
The lymphocytes in natural killer cells are different than the lymphocytes that provide
Responda
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innate immunity
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adaptive immunity
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complements
Questão 65
Questão
Natural killer cells secrete ______ that destroys the cell membrane of infective cells
Responda
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enzymes
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lymph
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perforins
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serum
Questão 66
Questão
Natural killer cells secrete chemicals that increase ____________
Responda
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temperature
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blood flow
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heart rate
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inflammation
Questão 67
Questão
Histamine released localized redness, swelling, heat, and pain can be defined as
Responda
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infection
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injury
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inflammation
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disease
Questão 68
Questão
What accumulates at the site of inflammation?
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red blood cells
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white blood cells
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lymph
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plasma
Questão 69
Questão
What is responsible for "walling off" the inflamed area?
Responda
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fibroblasts
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tissue fluids
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white blood cells
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lymph
Questão 70
Questão
Fibroblasts "wall off" inflammation to
Responda
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maintain blood flow
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phagocytize pathogen
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isolate the pathogen
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all of the above
Questão 71
Questão
What removes foreign particles from lymph?
Responda
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inflammation
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fever
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phagocytosis
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natural killer cells
Questão 72
Questão
fibrinogen turns into fibrin, which starts the ___________ process
Responda
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inflammatory
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clotting
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phagocytosis
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enzymatic
Questão 73
Questão
Fever causes the liver to hold onto ________, which in turn starves the pathogen - especially in __________.
Responda
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sodium; viruses
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iron; bacteria
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calcium; pathogens
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phosphate; viruses
Questão 74
Questão
Viral/bacterial infections stimulate lymphocytes to proliferate and produce ________, which is responsible for a fever.
Responda
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interleukin 1
-
interleukin 2
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phagocytosis
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inflammation
Questão 75
Questão
Fever causes __________ cells to attack pathogens more rigorously.
Responda
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natural killer
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phagocytic
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enzymatic
-
inflammatory
Questão 76
Questão
Adaptive immunity is the ____ line of defense.
Responda
-
1
-
2
-
3
-
4
Questão 77
Questão
The resistance to specific pathogens or their toxins/metabolic products is known as
Responda
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susceptibility
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immunity
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resistance
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none of the above
Questão 78
Questão
_________ allow the body to recognize it's "self" v "non-self"
Responda
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pathogens
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white blood cells
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lymphocytes
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antigens
Questão 79
Questão
Anything that illicits an immune response, but is NOT an pathogen itself is known as
Responda
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antibody
-
antigen
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leukocyte
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lymphatic cell
Questão 80
Questão
Proteins, polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids can all be
Responda
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pathogens
-
antigens
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antibodies
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enzymes
Questão 81
Questão
_____________ and _________ recognize "self" v "non-self" antigens and carry out the adaptive immune response
Responda
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antigens and pathogens
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leukocytes and red blood cells
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lymphocytes and macrophages
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B and T cells
Questão 82
Questão
Lymphocytes originate in
Responda
-
red bone marrow
-
lymph nodes
-
medulla oblongata
-
spleen
Questão 83
Questão
About half of lymphocytes reach the thymus, where they become
Responda
-
macrophages
-
thymoisins
-
thymocytes
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natural killer cells
Questão 84
Questão
Thymocytes different into _____ cells and make up 70-80% of circulating lymphocytes
Responda
-
B
-
T
-
C
-
D
Questão 85
Questão
____ cells are found in lymph nodes, thoracic duct, and white pulp of the spleen
Responda
-
T
-
B
-
D
-
E
Questão 86
Questão
The lymphocytes that remain in the red bone marrow differentiate into __ lymphocytes (or cells)
Responda
-
T
-
B
-
D
-
E
Questão 87
Questão
__ cells are found in the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and intestinal lining, and make up 20-30% of circulating lymphocytes
Responda
-
T
-
B
-
C
-
D
Questão 88
Questão
B and T cells originate from a single cell forming a _____ of cells
Responda
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division
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clone
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separation
Questão 89
Questão
Members of a variety of B or T cells share _________ receptors that only respond to a specific antigen
Responda
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chemical
-
temperature
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pathogen
-
antigen
Questão 90
Questão
___ cells must be activated before it can respond to an antigen because they interact directly with infected cells
Responda
-
B
-
T
-
C
-
D
Questão 91
Questão
The activation of T cells must occur via an _________ -__________ cell. These include: macrophages, B-cells, and several others
Responda
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pathogen-activating
-
antigen-activating
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clotting-activating
-
plasma-activating
Questão 92
Questão
Macrophage engulfs cell, lysosome digests bacteria, bacterial antigens leave lysosome and move to the surface of a macrophage are all results of
Responda
-
B cell activation
-
D cell activation
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natural killer cells
-
T cell activation
Questão 93
Questão
____ cell activation is displayed near major histacompatability complex (MHC) or human leukocyte antigens (HLA)
Responda
-
B
-
C
-
T
-
D
Questão 94
Questão
What is it called when activated T cells can interact directly with the antigen presenting cell?
Responda
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T cell activation response
-
cellular immune response
-
cell-mediated immunity
-
B & C
Questão 95
Questão
____ cells make and secrete cytokines which enhance cellular responses to antigens, as well as secrete toxins to kill antigen-bearing target cells (growth inhibiting factors against target cells)
Responda
-
A
-
B
-
T
-
F
Questão 96
Questão
_________ cells becomes activated when its antigen receptor combines with the displayed foreign antigen; also stimulates B cells through cytokines to produce antibodies
Responda
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cytotoxic T cells
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Helper T cells
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activated T cells
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unactivated T cells
Questão 97
Questão
The CD4 helper T cell is the target of
Responda
-
herpes
-
HIV
-
influenza
-
syphallis
Questão 98
Questão
Helper T cells produce
Responda
-
cytotoxic T cells
-
B cells
-
natural killer cells
-
lymphocytes
Questão 99
Questão
Cytotoxic T cells recognize
Responda
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pathogens
-
self-antigens
-
non-self antigens on virally infected and cancer cells
-
none of these
Questão 100
Questão
__________ (interluekin 2) from an activated helper T cell activate the cytotoxic T cell and helps it to proliferate
Responda
-
Enzymatic
-
Cytokines
-
Plasmids
Questão 101
Questão
Cytotoxic T cells bind to antigen bearing cells to produce
Responda
-
natural killer cells
-
plasmids
-
antibodies
-
perforins
Questão 102
Questão
What cells help for future immune protection
Responda
-
helper T cells
-
cytotoxic T cells
-
memory T cells
-
B cells
Questão 103
Questão
Memory T cells derive from
Responda
-
B cells
-
Helper T cells
-
Natural Killer Cells
-
Cytotoxic T cells
Questão 104
Questão
CD8 T cells are responsible for messenger T cells. After cellular division, one daughter cell becomes a ____________ and the other becomes a _______
Responda
-
macrophage, lymphocyte
-
cytotoxic T cell; memory T cell
-
natural killer cell; helper T cell
Questão 105
Questão
________ cells do NOT respond to the original exposure
Responda
-
Memory T cells
-
Cytotoxic T cells
-
Helper T cells
-
B cells
Questão 106
Questão
Which cell divides and differentiates upon subsequent exposure to the same antigen?
Responda
-
Helper T cells
-
Memory T Cells
-
Cytotoxic T cells
-
B cells
Questão 107
Questão
_____ cells become activated when antigen interacts with surface receptors
Responda
-
T
-
C
-
B
-
R
Questão 108
Questão
If a B cell becomes activated when an antigen interacts with surface receptors, it results in ______ of the clone; needs helper T cell
Responda
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phagocytosis
-
proliferation
-
division
-
multiplication
Questão 109
Questão
Clones of B cells differentiate into
Responda
-
helper B cells and cytotoxic B cells
-
natural killer cells
-
lymphocytes
-
memory B cells and plasma cells
Questão 110
Questão
Plasma cells are the cells that produce
Responda
-
antigens
-
clotting factors
-
antibodies
-
enzyme
Questão 111
Questão
Another word for antibodies is
Responda
-
immunoglobulins
-
antigens
-
humoral agents
Questão 112
Questão
Immunoglobulins/antibodies can combine with the antigen on the pathogen and act against it, this is known as
Responda
-
reflex response
-
pathogenic response
-
antigenic response
-
humoral response
Questão 113
Questão
A single B cell can make a _______ response
Responda
-
single
-
multiple
-
duplicate
-
triple
Questão 114
Questão
Different antigens on the surface of pathogens illicit a response from different B cells; this is known as a ________ (many) response
Responda
-
triadic
-
polyhedral
-
polyclonal
-
multiple
Questão 115
Questão
Antibody molecules are made of ________ and ______ chains
Responda
-
small and large
-
light and dark
-
dark and heavy
-
heavy and light
Questão 116
Questão
The light chains of antibodies have fewer
Responda
-
peptide chains
-
amino acids
-
sucrose chains
-
lipids
Questão 117
Questão
Antibodies have a ___ shape
Responda
-
X
-
H
-
O
-
Y
Questão 118
Questão
Variable regions of have and light chains allow for specificity to different
Responda
-
pathogens
-
enzymes
-
amino acids
-
antigens
Questão 119
Questão
Antibodies react to antigens by
Responda
-
Directly attacking antigens
-
activating complement
-
stimulating inflammation
-
all of the above
Questão 120
Questão
Agglutination, precipitation, and neutralization are responsible in a
Responda
-
direct attack
-
activating of complement
-
stimulating inflammation
Questão 121
Questão
Agglutination causes antigens to ____, making them easier to find
Responda
-
dissolve
-
clump
-
phagocytize
-
lysis
Questão 122
Questão
Precipitation causes antigens to become insoluble in
Responda
-
water
-
lipids
-
blood
-
plasma
Questão 123
Questão
When an antibody attaches to toxic portions of antigen and eliminates the effect, it is called
Responda
-
destruction
-
death
-
lysis
-
neutralization
Questão 124
Questão
Activation of complement is most important under _____ conditions
Responda
-
dyer
-
normal
-
abnormal
Questão 125
Questão
_________________ occurs when IgG or IgM antibodies combine with antigens and expose a portion of the constant region; this leads to the initiation of compliment proteins
Responda
-
activation of complement
-
direct attack
-
inflammation
Questão 126
Questão
Opsonization, chemotaxis, agglutination, lysis, and neutralization are effects of
Responda
-
activation of complement
-
initiation of complement
-
direct attack
-
inflammation
Questão 127
Questão
IgE promotes
Responda
-
direct attack
-
initiation of complement
-
activation of complement
-
inflammation
Questão 128
Questão
IgE is found on
Responda
-
mast cells
-
lymphatic cells
-
B cells
-
T cells
Questão 129
Questão
Complexing with an antigen causes the release of ______ and other biochemicals (which causes vasodilation)
Responda
-
epinephrine
-
norepinephrine
-
histamines
-
antibodies
Questão 130
Questão
Inflammation can be so intense that it damages
Responda
-
cells
-
antibodies
-
tissues
-
blood vessels
Questão 131
Questão
The primary immune response first occurs when B and T cells
Responda
-
enzyme
-
antigen
-
pathogen
-
antibody
Questão 132
Questão
Plasma cells release the antibodies ______ then _____ into the lymph in a primary immune response
Responda
-
IgE then IgM
-
IgM then IgE
-
IgG then IgM
-
IgM then IgG
Questão 133
Questão
The primary immune response lasts
Responda
-
hours
-
days
-
minutes
-
weeks
Questão 134
Questão
In a primary immune response, some B cells become
Responda
-
helper cells
-
natural killer cells
-
memory cells
-
cytotoxic cells
Questão 135
Questão
The secondary immune response is
Responda
-
faster and stronger
-
slower and weaker
-
more dangerous
-
no different
Questão 136
Questão
In a secondary response, if the memory cells encounter an identical antigen, they can rapidly (a day or two) produce ____ to combat it
Responda
-
IgM
-
IgG
-
IgE
-
IgJ
Questão 137
Questão
Why do follicular dendritic cells in the lymph nodes slowly release viral antigens after initial infection?
Responda
-
to weaken immune system further
-
to kill any left over pathogens
-
to keep immune system in check; strong.
Questão 138
Questão
When does naturally acquired active immunity develop?
Responda
-
before exposure to antigen
-
after primary immune response to exposure of live pathogen
-
after secondary immune response to exposure of live pathogen
-
after exposure to dead pathogen
Questão 139
Questão
An example of artificially acquired active immunity are
Responda
-
cultures
-
vaccinations
-
fruits
Questão 140
Questão
Antigens that stimulate primary immune response but does not produce symptoms of that disease are known as
Responda
-
medicines
-
vaccinations
-
antigenic factors
-
pathogenic factors
Questão 141
Questão
bacteria or viruses that have been killed or weakened, toxoids, and single glycoproteins from a pathogen's surface can be used to make
Responda
-
vaccinations
-
steroids
-
pathogens
-
antibodies
Questão 142
Questão
Artificially acquired passive immunity can be achieved by
Responda
-
taking vitamins
-
injection of antibodies or antitoxins
-
medicine
-
none of the above
Questão 143
Questão
Artificially acquired passive immunity is _________ _____ and _________ is possible
Responda
-
long term; immunity
-
short term; immunity
-
long term; re-infection
-
short term; reinfection
Questão 144
Questão
IgG molecules that move from mother to baby through fetal blood supply and breast milk are considered to be
Responda
-
artificially acquired passive immunity
-
naturally acquired passive immunity
-
neither
Questão 145
Questão
Allergic reactions are very similar to a ________ response
Responda
-
immune
-
homeostasis
-
neither
Questão 146
Questão
Both allergic reactions and immune responses are due to
Responda
-
sensitizing of macrophages
-
mast cells
-
sensitizing of lymphocytes
-
norepinephrine
Questão 147
Questão
Allergic reactions are response to _____________ substances
Responda
-
non-harmful
-
harmful
-
pathogenic
-
carcinogenic
Questão 148
Questão
Allergic reactions may
Responda
-
damage tissues
-
kill brain cells
-
cause blood clotting
-
raise hormone levels
Questão 149
Questão
Hypersensitivity reactions are also known as
Responda
-
immune responses
-
allergic reactions
-
skin conditions
Questão 150
Questão
Allergic reactions are triggered by antigens called
Responda
-
histamines
-
epinephrine
-
allergens
-
pathogens
Questão 151
Questão
Immediate-reaction allergy (type I), antibody-dependent cytotoxic reactions (type II), immune complex reactions (type III), and delayed-reaction allergy (type IV) are all
Responda
-
allergic reactions
-
immune responses
-
allergic categories
Questão 152
Questão
Immediate-Reaction allergies (type I) is known as
Responda
-
cytotoxic allergies
-
anaphylactic allergies
-
antigen allergies
Questão 153
Questão
Type I allergic reaction occurs _________ after contact with the allergen
Responda
-
hours
-
weeks
-
minutes
-
months
Questão 154
Questão
Inherited tendency is to ____________ produce IgE in response to particular antigens
Responda
-
over
-
under
-
not
Questão 155
Questão
B cells, mast cells, IgE, and allergy mediators (histamine, prostaglandin D2, and leukotrines) are all part of
Responda
-
anaphylaxes
-
mechanism of allergy
-
allergens
-
cytotoxic reactions
Questão 156
Questão
What cells must be sensitive to the allergen before you can become allergic?
Responda
-
T cells
-
mast
-
B cells
-
luekocytes
Questão 157
Questão
Because B cells must be sensitive to the allergen before you can become allergic, that means
Responda
-
the first exposure will not cause an allergic reaction
-
exposures after the initial exposure will cause an allergic reaction
-
A & B
-
neither
Questão 158
Questão
The severe form of Type I allergy is known as
Responda
-
immune response
-
allergic reaction
-
anaphylactic shock
Questão 159
Questão
Sense of apprehension then body itching and breaking out in hives, vomiting and diarrhea, and difficulty breathing due to face, tongue, and larynx swelling is a result of
Responda
-
allergic reaction
-
allergens
-
anaphylactic shock
Questão 160
Questão
One can treat anaphylactic shock by
Responda
-
epinephrine
-
emergency tracheotomies
-
neither
-
both
Questão 161
Questão
Corneas, kidneys, lungs, pancreas, bone marrow, liver, heart, skin are all organs that can be
Responda
-
removed
-
transplanted
-
susceptible to anaphylaxis
Questão 162
Questão
After an organ transplant, there is a risk of the _____ attacking the _______
Responda
-
host; organ
-
organ; host
-
both
-
neither
Questão 163
Questão
Tissue rejection resembles the immune response to
Responda
-
hormones
-
antibodies
-
pathogens
-
antigens
Questão 164
Questão
The speed and severity of a tissue rejection reaction depends on the amount of similarity between recipient and donor's ______ complexes
Responda
-
TRH
-
MHC
-
mast cell
-
histamine
Questão 165
Questão
When the body fails to be able to differentiate between "self" and "non-self" is called
Responda
-
dissociative disorder
-
identity crisis
-
antibody complex
-
autoimmunity
Questão 166
Questão
Autoimmunity produces
Responda
-
antibodies
-
autoantibodies
-
enzymes
Questão 167
Questão
Autoimmunity results in the _____ cells attacking the body's tissues and organs
Responda
-
lymphocytes
-
mast
-
cytotoxic T cells
-
memory T cells
Questão 168
Questão
An example of autoimmune diseases are
Responda
-
rheumatoid arthritis
-
diabetes type I
-
neither
-
both
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