Quiz
Bioprocessing
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Perguntas do quiz (31)
1The production of genetic mutations via a physical change in DNA is known as [blank_start]mutagenesis[blank_end]
- Amutagenesis
2Microorganisms can be used as host for production of recombinant products such as proteins, enzymes, etc.
Microorganisms utilised in this way are known as [blank_start]expression[blank_end] hosts- Aexpression
3Advantages and Disadvantages of various Expression Hosts:
E.coli:
Recombinant protein glycosylated? [blank_start]No[blank_end]
Recombinant protein exported? [blank_start]No[blank_end]
Number of potential vectors. [blank_start]High[blank_end]
Expression yields. [blank_start]Low[blank_end]
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae:
Recombinant protein glycosylated? [blank_start]Yes[blank_end]
Recombinant protein exported? [blank_start]Yes[blank_end]
Number of potential vectors. [blank_start]Low[blank_end]
Expression yields. [blank_start]Moderate[blank_end]
Pichia Pastoris:
Recombinant protein glycosylated? [blank_start]Yes[blank_end]
Recombinant protein exported? [blank_start]Yes[blank_end]
Number of potential vectors. [blank_start]Low[blank_end]
Expression yields. [blank_start]Moderate[blank_end]
Bacillus:
Recombinant protein glycosylated? [blank_start]No[blank_end]
Recombinant protein exported? [blank_start]Yes[blank_end]
Number of potential vectors. [blank_start]Low[blank_end]
Expression yields. [blank_start]High[blank_end]- ANo
- BYes
- CNo
- DYes
- EHigh
- FLow
- GLow
- HModerate
- IHigh
- JYes
- KNo
- LYes
- MNo
- NLow
- OHigh
- PModerate
- QLow
- RHigh
- SYes
- TNo
- UYes
- VNo
- WLow
- XHigh
- YModerate
- ZLow
- AAHigh
- ABNo
- ACYes
- ADYes
- AENo
- AFLow
- AGHigh
- AHHigh
- AIModerate
- AJLow
4One of the main advantages of E.coli is that it is a gram negative bacteria and thus produces many [blank_start]endotoxins[blank_end] which are undesirable in the resulting product.
- Aendotoxins
5A system according to which successive batches of product (e.g. a vaccine) are prepared using the same master compound is called a [blank_start]seed lot[blank_end] system.
- Aseed lot
6The first generation of amplified cells from one of the cells from a master seed are typically known as a [blank_start]working[blank_end] seed. From this, a [blank_start]production[blank_end] seed is taken and it is from this seed that the product is yielded.
- Aworking
- Bproduction
7Typically, a product should be produced by a seed no further than [blank_start]5[blank_end] generations from the master seed.
- A5
- B3
- C4
- D6
8A master seed lot must be kept sterile at all times.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
9A common form of storage of a master seed is in liquid nitrogen at or below around 70 degrees celsius.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
10A [blank_start]colony forming[blank_end] unit is a unit used to estimate the number of viable bacteria or fungal cells in a sample.
- Acolony forming
- Bcolony expansion
- Ccolony streak
- Dcolony progenitor
11Different types of media are used to isolate or identify particular
organisms:
[blank_start]Selective[blank_end] media allow certain types of organisms to grow, and inhibit
the growth of other organisms
[blank_start]Differential[blank_end] media are used to differentiate between closely related organisms or
groups of organisms.- ADifferential
- BSelective
12[blank_start]Transport[blank_end] media are essentially solutions of buffers with carbohydrates designed to preserve the viability of bacteria during transfer between locations without allowing their multiplication. The primary objective of the use of the this medium is to maintain the specimen as near its original state as possible.
- ATransport
13[blank_start]Lyophilization[blank_end] or freeze drying is a process in which water is removed from a product after it is frozen and placed under a vacuum, allowing the ice to change directly from solid to vapor without passing through a liquid phase.
- ALyophilization
14Which of the following methods of preserving cultures allows the cultures to be stored indefinitely?
- ALyophilization
- BLiquid nitrogen storage
- CStorage at -70 degrees celsius
- DFreeze in medium with glycerol
- ELarge stock tubes
15Difference between sterilisation and disinfection:
[blank_start]Sterilisation[blank_end] is the process of freeing an article or a surface from all living microorganisms including viruses and bacterial spores
[blank_start]Disinfection[blank_end] is the process of freeing an article or a surface from all or some of the living microorganisms but not necessarily the bacterial spores.- ADisinfection
- BSterilisation
16Generally, the preferred method of sterilisation is via [blank_start]heat[blank_end]
- Aheat
- Bchemicals
- Cradiation
17Generally, animal derived materials should not be used for culture due to the risk of the [blank_start]Prion[blank_end] protein being present.
This type of protein can trigger normal proteins in the brain to fold abnormally thus causing severe illness in humans.- APrion
18The presence of Prion proteins in animal material can cause Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies in humans, including the human variant of mad cow disease called...
- ACreutzfeldt-Jakob-Disease
- BKawasaki Disease
- CBright's Disease
- DLambert-Eaton Syndrome
- EHistoplasmosis
- FDiphyllobothriasis
19The [blank_start]Crabtree[blank_end] effect is a regulatory system whereby respiration is repressed by fermentation, except in low sugar conditions. This means that certain organisms, mainly yeasts such as Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, undergo fermentation over respiration when in aerobic conditions as long as they are in a high sugar environment.
- ACrabtree
20Thus, due to the crabtree effect, most fermenters in industry run [blank_start]aerobically[blank_end]
- Aaerobically
- Banaerobically
21The process by which fermentors have built in tools which allow them to clean themselves following fermentation thus removing the operating costs/potential contamination caused by human cleaning is called [blank_start]Cleaning In Place[blank_end]
- ACleaning In Place
22Sterilisation in place is also sometimes necessary in stainless steel fermenters in order to ensure that the vessel is microbiologically clean. This process typically utilises [blank_start]high temperature steam[blank_end]
- Ahigh temperature steam
- Bhypochlorite
- Chydrogen peroxide
- Dozone
- Eperacetic acid
23One of the main challenges faced by [blank_start]single use fermentation[blank_end] is the prospect of leachables and extractables migrating into the product during fermentation.
- ASingle Use Fermentation
- BStainless Steel Fermentation
24Comparison between Stainless Steel and Single Use Fermentation:
Conducts fermentation faster = [blank_start]Single Use Fermentation[blank_end]
Produces more product annually = [blank_start]Single Use Fermentation[blank_end]
Lower cost for single fermentation = [blank_start]Stainless Steel Fermentation[blank_end]
Lower lead time to build fermentation plant = [blank_start]Single Use Fermentation[blank_end]
Significant reduction of cross contamination = [blank_start]Single Use Fermentation[blank_end]- ASingle Use Fermentation
- BStainless Steel Fermentation
- CSingle Use Fermentation
- DStainless Steel Fermentation
- ESingle Use Fermentation
- FStainless Steel Fermentation
- GSingle Use Fermentation
- HStainless Steel Fermentation
- IStainless Steel Fermentation
- JSingle Use Fermentation
25The upstream processing is the bioprocessing phase in which cell lines are generated. The downstream processing, on the other hand, is the phase that deals with extraction or separation of desired products from the biomass.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
26When removing insolubles from a sample, what is the most common mode of doing so?
- ACentrifugation
- BFiltration
- CSedimentation
- DFlocculation
- EGravity Settling
27When isolating the desired product from the fermentation end product, which compound is typically the chief impurity?
[blank_start]Water[blank_end]- AWater
28After insolubles are removed and the product has been isolated, a process whereby contaminants that resemble the product very closely in physical and chemical properties are separated must occur.
This process is called Product [blank_start]Purification[blank_end]- APurification
29In terms of centrifugation, bacteria need a [blank_start]high[blank_end] speed whereas yeast cells and filamentous fungi (molds) need a [blank_start]lower[blank_end] speed
- Alower
- Bhigher
- Chigh
- Dlow
30Chromatographic Separation Techniques:
[blank_start]Ion exchange chromatography[blank_end] is based on electrostatic interactions between charged protein groups, and solid support material (matrix).
[blank_start]Affinity Chromatography[blank_end] is typically used to separate out enzymes, hormones, antibodies, etc and involves binding of a protein to a matrix via a protein-specific ligand.
[blank_start]Gel Permeation Chromatography[blank_end] separates molecules based on their molecular size using a porous matrix - the path of elution is proportionate to the molecular size.- AGel Permeation Chromatography
- BAffinity Chromatography
- CIon exchange chromatography
- DThin-layer chromatography
- EColumn chromatography
31Freeze drying, also known as Lyophilization, is the process of removing water from a substance by sublimation, causing it to rapidly change from a [blank_start]solid[blank_end] to a [blank_start]gas[blank_end], completely bypassing the [blank_start]liquid[blank_end] stage
- Asolid
- Bliquid
- Cgas
- Dgas
- Esolid
- Fliquid
- Gliquid
- Hgas
- Isolid
Informações
- Descrição
- All 5 of the individual 'Chapters' (lectures) presented in this mornings Bioprocessing session (04/10/2019)
- Autor
- Matthew Coulson
- Idioma
- English
- Visualizações
- 59
- Etiquetas
- Avaliação
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