Quiz
Chapter 5 Exploration of Genes Relies on Key tools
Perguntas do quiz (25)
1Advances in biotechnology are possible because of key techniques such as
- ARestriction enzyme analysis
- BBlotting techniques
- CDNA sequencing
- Dsolid- phase synthesis of amino acids
- Esolid-phase synthesis of nucleic acids
- FPCR
2Restriction enzymes split DNA into specific fragments
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
3Restriction enzymes are
- Abacterial enzymes that cleave DNA in a highly specific manner
- Bfungal enzymes that cleave DNA in a highly specific manner
- Cphage enzymes that cleave DNA in a highly specific manner
4The restriction enzymes recognize
- Acleavage sites of three to eight nucleotides in length that are palindromic and then cleave each strand of the DNA
- Bcleavage sites of four to eight nucleotides in length that are palindromic and then cleave each strand of the DNA
- Ccleavage sites of four to eight nucleotides in length that are non-palindromic and then cleave each strand of the DNA
- Dcleavage sites of three to eight nucleotides in length that are non-palindromic and then cleave each strand of the DNA
5DNA fragments can be separated by gel electrophoresis
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6In gel electrophoresis, fragments can be visualized by staining with
- Aagarose
- Bpolyacrylamide gels
- Cethidium bromide
- Dbromide
7Separated fragments of DNA are transferred to a sheet of
- Acellulose paper, a process called southern blotting, and then exposed to a radioactively labeled probe complementary to the sequence of interest
- Bnitrocellulose paper, a process called southern blotting, and then exposed to a radioactively labeled probe parallel to the sequence of interest
- Cnitrocellulose paper, a process called southern blotting, and then exposed to a radioactively labeled probe complementary to the sequence of interest
- Dcellulose paper, a process called southern blotting, and then exposed to a radioactively labeled probe parallel to the sequence of interest
8Autoradiography does not identify the fragment binding to the probe
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9The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
- AAllows the amplification of any DNA sequence provided some sequence information about the target DNA is known
- BAllows the amplification of any DNA sequence without the sequence information about the target DNA
- CSeparates DNA fragments
- DConsist of target DNA and does not require heat in order to stabilize the DNA polymerase
10PCR consist of three steps that are repeated until the desired degree of amplification is achieved. What is the first step?
- AThe mixture is cooled to a temperature determined by the experimenter (55 degrees Celsius), to allow the primers to anneal to the DNA
- BThe duplex containing the target sequence and the flanking regions (primers) is cooled to 80 degrees to generate single strands
- CThe duplex containing the target sequence and the flanking regions (primers) is heated to 80 degrees Celsius to generate single strands
- DThe mixture is heated to 72 degrees Celsius, allowing the polymerase to synthesize DNA
11PCR is a powerful technique in medical diagnosis, forensics, and studies of molecular evolution
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12Instances of genetic variation
- APolymorphisms, does not correlate with the emergence of a disease
- BPolymorphisms, sometimes correlate with the emergence of a disease
- CPolymorphisms, sometimes correlate with the disappearance of a disease
- DPolymorphisms, does not correlate with the disappearance of a disease
13A vector,
- Aa piece of RNA readily taken up and replicate by bacteria, is cleaved by the same restriction enzyme used to generate the fragment
- Ba piece of DNA readily taken up and replicate by bacteria, is cleaved by the same restriction enzyme used to generate the fragment
- Ca piece of RNA ligase readily taken up and replicate by bacteria, is cleaved by the same restriction enzyme used to generate the fragment
- Da piece of DNA ligase readily taken up and replicate by bacteria, is cleaved by the same restriction enzyme used to generate the fragment
14DNA ligase is used to separate the fragment and the vector, generating recombinant DNA
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15Common Vectors are
- ADNA ligase
- Bbacterial plasmids
- Cbacteriophage lambda
- Dprimers
16If the DNA fragment of interest does not contain appropriate restriction sites for vector insertion, a chemically synthesized linker DNA with the required restriction site is added to the fragment
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17Plasmids and lamda phage are choice vectors for DNA cloning in bacteria
- ASpecifically designed plasmids called cloning vectors allow for efficient deletion of DNA as well as replication
- BSpecifically designed plasmids called cloning vectors allow for efficient insertion of DNA as well as replication
- Ccloning vectors may not have a polylinker region
- Dcloning vectors may have a polylinker regions
- Ecloning Vectors contain promoters that facilitate transcription of the insert and sequences that allow translation
- Fcloning Vectors contain promoters that facilitate transcription of the deletion and sequences that allow translation
18Reporter genes, such as antibiotic-resistance genes, in the vector make identification of vectors with the inserted DNA harder
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19Lamda phage (viruses that infect bacteria) are
- Acloning vectors
- Bcan infect a cell and cause lysis or become stably integrated into the host DNA (lysogenic pathway) and be replicated indefinitely
- CEnvironmental changes does not cause the switch from lysogenic to lytic pathway
- Dcomplementary DNA prepared from mRNA
20Complementary DNA can also be inserted into expression vectors
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21Expression vectors are
- Aplasmids or λ phage that have powerful promoters for transcription as well as a segment of DNA that encodes a ribosome-binding site that is expressed with the mRNA encoded by the cDNA.
- Bplasmids or λ phage that have powerful promoters for translation as well as a segment of DNA that encodes a ribosome-binding site that is expressed with the rRNA encoded by the cDNA.
- Cplasmids or λ phage that have powerful promoters for transcription as well as a segment of DNA that encodes a ribosome-binding site that is expressed with the tRNA encoded by the cDNA.
- Dplasmids or λ phage that have powerful promoters for translation as well as a segment of DNA that encodes a ribosome-binding site that is expressed with the tRNA encoded by the cDNA.
22Expression vectors allow for not only transcription but also translation of the cDNA library
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23Replica plates are made of a λ phage containing an expression vector, and the plaques are probed with an antibody for the protein of interest.
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24Human gene therapy holds great promise for medicine
- AGene therapy, the deletion of functional genes into cells to replace mutated genes
- BGene therapy, the insertion of functional genes into cells to replace mutated genes
25Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
- AIs an example of gene therapy
- Bis an example of a phage
- Chas been treated by infecting cells with a functional version of the mutated enzyme, adenosine deaminase
- Dhas been treated by curing cells with a functional version of the mutated enzyme, adenosine deaminase
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- Autor
- Amy Arce
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