Quiz
Chapter 6: Infant Studies
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1Assimilation, taking in info that is compatible with what one already knows, is acoordining to which theorist?
- AChandler Bing
- BJean Piaget
- CErik Erikson
- DSigmund Freud
2What is accommodation (according to Piaget)?
- AThe process by which children recognize their schemes and, in the process, move to the next developmental stage
- BChanging existing knowledge based on new knowledge
- CTaking in info that is compatible with what one already knows
3What is equilibration (according to Piaget)?
- ATaking info that is compatible with what one already knows
- BChanging existing knowledge based on new knowledge
- CThe process by which children reorganize their schemes and, in the process, move to the next developmental stage
4Sensorimotor, the [blank_start]first[blank_end] of Piaget's four stages of development, lasts from birth to about 2 years, in which infants progress from responding reflexively to using symbols.
- Afirst
- Bsecond
- Cthird
- Dfourth
5Preoperational is defined as what?
- AYoung children are able to think about things symbolically
- BDistinguishing and mastering individual motions
- CThe theory that Rachel and Ross were on a break
6What is concrete operational?
- AThe opposite of preoperational
- BThe tendency to focus on one salient aspects of a situation and neglect other, possibly relevant aspects
- CSomething characterized by the emergence of logical operations such as conservation, reversibility or classification, allowing logical reasoning
- DOperational that is concrete
7The formal operational stage is characterized by what?
- AThe emergence of logical thinking processes, particularly the ability to understand theories and abstract ideas and predict possible outcomes of hypothetical problems
- BNot using your frontal lobe to make decisions properly
- CDifficulty in seeing the world from another's POV
8[blank_start]Egocentrism[blank_end] is the difficulty in seeing the world from another's perspective, typical of children in piaget's preoperational stage
- AEgocentrism
9What is the phenomenon in which preschool children attribute life and lifelike properties to inanimate objects?
- AEgocentrism
- BAnimism
- CMarcel, Ross' monkey
- DCentration
10What is centration?
- ADistinguishing and mastering individual motions
- BYoung children are able to think about things symbolically
- CDifficulty in seeing the world from another's point of view; typical of children in Piaget's preoperational stage
- DThe tendency to focus on one salient aspect of a situation and neglect other, possibly relevant aspects
11Object [blank_start]permanence[blank_end] is the understanding, acquired in infancy, that objects exist independently of oneself.
- Apermanence
12Constructivism is the view associated with [blank_start]Piaget[blank_end] that children are active participants in their own development who systematically construct ever-more-sophisticated understanding of their worlds.
- APiaget
- BErikson
- CFreud
- DWatson
13The sociocultural perspective is the view that children's cognitive development can only be understood by considering the cultural contexts in which they develop. Which theorist is associated with this?
- ARoss Geller
- BB.F Skinner
- CLev Vygotsky
- DIvan Pavlov
14According to Vygotsky, mutual, shared understanding among people who are participating in an activity together is called what?
- AIntersubjectivity
- BGuided participation
- CSociocultural perspective
15Structured interactions between a child and another more knowledgeable person are thought to promote cognitive growth. This is called guided participation and is thought to be by Piaget.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
16The [blank_start]zone[blank_end] of proximal development is the difference between what children can do with assistance and what they can do alone. Like putting a bed sheet on the bed (not really).
- Azone
- Btheory
17Brain break: How many times did Ross Geller get married?
- A2
- B3
- C4
18What is scaffolding?
- AA view that human cognition consists of mental hardware and mental software
- BSubvocalized speech directed and adapted to oneself
- CThe process that enables a child or novice to solve a problem, carry out a task, or achieve a goal that would be beyond his unassisted efforts.
19Private speech is speech spoken to oneself for what? Of these options, how many apply?
- ACommunication
- BSelf-guidance
- CSelf-regulation
- D"Little Harmonica"
20What is inner speech?
- ASubvocalized speech directed and adapted to oneself
- BSpeech spoken to oneself for communication, self-guidance, and self-regulation of behavior
21Information-processing [blank_start]theory[blank_end] is the view that human connection consists of mental hardware and mental software
- Atheory
- Bdisorder
- Cperspective
- Dprocess
22What is the component of the information-processing system analogous to a computer's operating system that coordinates the activities of the system called?
- AInhibitory processes
- BScaffolding
- CCentral executive
23Inhibitory [blank_start]processes[blank_end] are cognitive processes that relate to the control of thought, conduct, and emotions during goal-directed behavior.
- Aprocesses
- Btheory
- Cperspective
- Dsystem
24What is executive functioning?
- ACognitive activities that require virtually no effort
- BThe difference between what children can do with assistance and what they can do alone
- CA mechanism of growth that includes inhibitory processes, planning, and cognitive flexibility
- DA view that human cognition consists of mental hardware and mental software
25Core-knowledge [blank_start]theories[blank_end] are the view that infants are born with a rudimentary knowledge of the world that is elaborated based on children's experiences.
- Atheories
- Bhypothesis
- Cprocesses
26What are automatic processes?
- AWhen Phoebe got pregnant for her brother,
- BCognitive processes are cognitive activities that require virtually no effort
- CThe size of ongoing cognitive activity
- DLimitless, permanent storehouse of knowledge of the world
27What is it called when there is the belief that living things and parts of living things exist for a purpose that is applied to children's naive theories of living things?
- AAutomatic processes
- BA theory of mind
- CTheological explanations
28What is essentialism?
- AWhen children believe that all living things have an essence that can't be seen but gives a living thing its identity
- BWhen Ross and Phoebe kissed (was that a fever dream???)
- CThe size of ongoing cognitive activity
29The theory of mind is a naive understanding of the relations between mind and behavior – between ages of [blank_start]2 and 5[blank_end]
- A2 and 5
- B7 and 9
- C12 and 15
30[blank_start]Sensory[blank_end] memory is where info is held, no longer than a few seconds, briefly in a raw, unanalyzed form
- ASensory
- BWorking
- CLong-term
31[blank_start]Working[blank_end] memory is the size of ongoing cognitive activity
- AWorking
- BSensory
- CLong-term
32[blank_start]Long-term[blank_end] memory is limitless. permanent storehouse of knowledge of the world.
- ASensory
- BLong-term
- CWorking
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- Theories of Cognitive Development
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