Quiz
Human Development
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Perguntas do quiz (46)
1What is developmental Psychology concerned with?
- Aa)Changes in psychological functioning.
- Bb) Physical changes.
- Cc) Both A and B
- Dd) Neither
2Development is unpredictable changes in behaviour associated with age.
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3The adolescence stage of Life Span development is:
- A6-15 years
- B11-20 years
- C11-16 years
- D13-19 years
4Stages in life are all considered to be abrupt changes, called discontinuity.
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5To say that changes are developed by nature means that:
- Athe changes are controlled by biological factors
- Bdevelopment is molded by our experiences, especially our psychological environment
- CWe are passively going through life, and are not drastically affected by what goes on around us.
6The Critical Period in development is a biologically determined period in the life of animals during which certain forms of learning can take place most easily.
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7The sensitive period is the least optimal for learning because children have trouble dealing with their feelings and are easily confused.
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8Dani's Story was used as an example in class. She..
- AWas a young, exceptionally smart girl who troubled psychologists regarding development because she was years ahead of her classmates.
- BWas a young girl who was isolated from social interaction, fed little, and behaved like a 6 month old at the age of 6.
- Cis a girl who is part of a longitudinal study about development since the age of 6 months
- Dis a girl raised by two deaf parents who has learned to speak solely from school.
9Normative investigations
- ADescribe characteristics of a specific age or developmental stage
- Bneed support and catergorization
- Cex. First word- 1-3 years
- DAre based off of average, norms
- Eex. Sexual experimentation- 12-14 years
10Cross-sectional design is a way to study development that involves the study pf different groups of participants based on chronological ages observed at the same time.
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11Longitudinal design is:
- Arepeated observation of testing the same people over time
- BTesting different people of different ages
- CKeeping someone in a room for a long duration to see how they are affected
12The advantages of a longitudinal design include:
- AAble to study longer term individual differences
- BAges related changes cannot be confused with variations in different societal circumstances
- CMore groups can be studied
- DInexpensive compared to cross-sectional design
13Those who assess development can include:
- APhysicians
- BNurses
- CDay care workers
- Dtherapists
- Eteachers
- Fpsychologists
- Gthe child's parents
- Hother parents
- Ibaby books
- Jgoogle
14Cognitive development is the study of the processes and products of the mind as they emerge and change over time.
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15John Locke (empiricism) believed...
- Ainfants are born with a tabula rasa, and experience shapes development, meaning we are a reflection of our external environment.
- Binfants are born with an innate sense of right and wrong
- Cinfants inherit both the good and bad qualities as soon as they are born
16Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that infants enter the world with learned knowledge through evolutionary history which shapes development.
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17Jean [blank_start]Piaget[blank_end] believed that representations of [blank_start]reality[blank_end] change at different stages- needed for adaptation. He wasn't interested in the amount of knowledge. Mental structures that enable individuals to interpret the world are called [blank_start]schemes[blank_end]. [blank_start]Assimilation[blank_end] is the idea that we modify new environmental information to [blank_start]fit[blank_end] into what is already known, where [blank_start]accommodation[blank_end] is the restructuring or modifying of a child's [blank_start]existing[blank_end] schemes so that new information is [blank_start]accounted[blank_end] for.
- APiaget
- Breality
- Cschemes
- DAssimilation
- Efit
- Faccommodation
- Gexisting
- Haccounted
18Examples of assimilation:
- Ared ball- bounce, red apple- red but doesn't bounce, pumpkin- not red, doesn't bounce
- BPuppy has 4 legs and fur. This animal meow's therefore not a puppy.
19A child realizing that the bacon they are eating is actually a pig is an example of Piaget's theory of assimilation.
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20The concrete operations stage is:
- AAges 0-2: senses and motion without use of symbols, object permanence and mobility allowing for knowledge acquisition.
- BAges 2-7: use of symbols, language matures, memory develops, imagination- most learning. Egocentrism, centration
- CAges 7-11: Physical properties of objects don't change even though appearance might (reversibility). Logical systematic manipulation of symbols to create objects ex. 1+1=2, 2-1=1
- D11-adult: abstract and hypothetical thinking, alternatives, logic, return to egocentric thinking.
21Egocentrism is/relates to:
- Athe inability to take other's perspectives
- Bbelieving that you are always wrong
- Cknowing the world revolves around you
- Dputting aside one's own ego in order to cater to others
22Centration is the tendency for attention to not focus on any part of an object, sometimes ignoring it altogether.
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23Renee [blank_start]Baillargeon[blank_end] had a contemporary cognitive view about [blank_start]infrant cognition.[blank_end] He demonstrated that some aspects of Piaget's stages don't occur in order. This is called [blank_start]violation[blank_end] of expectation experiments, given the example of rudimentary object permanence actually occurred at a [blank_start]younger[blank_end] age, being 4-5 months.
- ABaillargeon
- Binfant cognition.
- Cviolation
- Dyounger
24Theory of Mind...
- Ais the idea that we start to see the perspective of others through our own eyes
- Bis the framework for initial understanding called foundational theories (accumulation of experiences)
- Cincludes the False belief Task
- DNone of the above
25Lev Vygotsky (Internalization)- the process of absorbing [blank_start]knowledge[blank_end] from the social and cultural context that has a [blank_start]major[blank_end] impact on how cognition unfolds over time. The zone of [blank_start]Proximal development[blank_end] is the difference between what a learner can do without [blank_start]help[blank_end] and what he or she can do with [blank_start]help[blank_end].
- Aknowledge
- Bmajor
- CProximal development
- Dhelp
- Ehelp
26Fluid intelligence shows a greater increase with age.
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27Social development is how an individual's social interactions and expectations remain the same over time.
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28Erikson's psychosocial stages represent
- A8 conflicts or crises that every individual must face through the life span
- Bthe stages of development
- Cthe stages of psychological development
- Dhow people interact with each other based on their chronological age
29Erikson's psychosocial stages are:
0-1 1/2 [blank_start]Trust[blank_end] vs. [blank_start]Mistrust[blank_end]
1 1/2 - 3 [blank_start]Autonomy[blank_end] vs. [blank_start]self-doubt[blank_end]
3-6 [blank_start]Initiative[blank_end] vs. [blank_start]Guilt[blank_end]
6-puberty [blank_start]Competence[blank_end] vs. [blank_start]Inferiority[blank_end]
Adolescent- [blank_start]Identity[blank_end] vs. [blank_start]Confusion[blank_end]
Early adult- [blank_start]Intimacy[blank_end] vs. [blank_start]isolation[blank_end]
Middle adult- [blank_start]generativity[blank_end] vs. [blank_start]stagnation[blank_end]
Later adult- [blank_start]Ego integrity[blank_end] vs. [blank_start]despair[blank_end]- ATrust
- BMistrust
- CAutonomy
- Dself-doubt
- EInitiative
- FGuilt
- GCompetence
- HInferiority
- IIdentity
- JConfusion
- KIntimacy
- Lisolation
- Mgenerativity
- Nstagnation
- OEgo integrity
- Pdespair
30At 18 months, a child develops
- Aa variety of basic emotions
- BEnvy, embarrassment, empathy emerge
- Clearn rules and performance standards
- Ddisplay guilt
31Socialization is a lifelong process through which an individual's behaviour patterns, values, standards, skills, attitudes, and motives are shaped to conform those regarded as desirable in a particular society.
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32What is temperament?
- ABiological levels of emotional and behavioural response to the environment
- Bthe amount of anger or temper one possesses
- Cone's personality
- Dnone of the above
33[blank_start]Attachment[blank_end] is intense social-emotional relationship with mother, father, or regular caregiver. Some species experience [blank_start]imprinting[blank_end] of the first moving object they see (Konrad Lorenz). John Bowlby says that humans are biologically predisposed to form attachments. He agreed with Maslow. He says attachment forms lifelong schema for relationships called [blank_start]internal working model[blank_end]. In class we watched a video portraying this, demonstrating Mary Ainsworth and the Strange Situation Test. The three main types of attachment style are secure, insecure-avoidant, and [blank_start]insecure-ambivalent/resistant[blank_end].This can be highly predictive of [blank_start]child's[blank_end] later behaviour and interactions with others.
- AAttachment
- BDetachment
- CLove
- DClingyness
- Eimprinting
- Fhatred
- Glust
- Hthe emotions
- Iinternal working model
- Jexternal working model
- Kthe force theory
- Lsocialization
- Minsecure-ambivalent/resistant
- Npseu-secure
- Ominor resistant
- Pchild's
- Qyo momma's
34Parenting styles are based off of demandingness and their ability to keep a child inline.
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35If a parent is INDULGENT, their parenting style is:
- AUnderdemanding, low in control attempts and accepting, responsive, and child-centred.
- BUnderdemanding, low in control attempts and rejecting, unresponsive, parent-centred.
- CDemanding, controlling and accepting, responsive, and child-centred.
- DDemanding, controlling and rejecting, unresponsive, parent-centred.
36Freud's Cupboard Theory is that bonding has many purposes, including feeding, loving, learning and safety.
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37There have been several monkey studies. Harry Harlow and Stephen Suomi both did these experiments. They found that:
- AThe monkey's were more attached to the robot monkey feeding them.
- BThe monkey's were equally attached to the feeding robot and the soft robot monkey.
- CThe monkey's weremore attached to the soft robot monkey.
38Adolescent ego-centrism is the quality of thinking that leads some adolescents to believe that they are the focus of attention in social situations, to believe that their problems are unique to be unusually hypocritical, and to be "pseudostupid".
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39The main aspects of social development for adults are:
- AIntimacy- capacity to make full commitment to another, well-being, selective social interaction theory
- BGenerativity- commitment beyond oneself to family, work, society, or future generations.
- CSelf-sufficient- having ones own house/apartment, income, social life
40In regards to adulthood, personality is fairly stable over time, and changes are predictable.
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41According to Kubler-Ross there are five stages of death and dying
- ADenial
- BAnger
- CBargaining
- DDepression
- EAcceptance
42Morality is a system of beliefs, values, and underlying judgements about the rightness or wrongness of human acts
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43Lawrence [blank_start]Kohlberg[blank_end] and the theory of moral [blank_start]development[blank_end]- studied moral reasoning in [blank_start]seven[blank_end] stages. This was shaped by [blank_start]Piaget[blank_end], changing importance of consequences of [blank_start]acts[blank_end] and [blank_start]intentions[blank_end]. Moral [blank_start]dilemmas[blank_end] used to evaluate reasons for moral [blank_start]decisions[blank_end]. Children do not see morality as adults do- they are more interested in what others think.
- Adevelopment
- Bseven
- CPiaget
- DKohlberg
- Eacts
- Fintentions
- Gdilemmas
- Hdecisions
44Kohlberg's model states that:
- AAn individual can be at only one stage at a given time
- BEveryone goes through the stages in a fixed order
- CEach stage is more comprehensive and complex than the preceding
- Dthe same stages occur in every culture
- EAll of the above
45Carol Gilligan believed that both males and females based their morality on caring for others and maintaining harmony in social relations
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46There is less activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) when someone is lying.
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Informações
- Descrição
- Questions based on Human Development notes
- Autor
- Nicole Wells8309
- Idioma
- English
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