Quiz
Behavioural Psychology
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Perguntas do quiz (133)
1Visual analysis involves looking at the level, trend, and __________ of the data.
- AGenerality
- BVariability
- CMean
- DMode
2A common assumption in social science is that variability is ________ to the individual.
- AIntrinsic
- BUncontrollable
- CExtrinsic
- DCovert
3___________ are tentative statements for which further support is sought.
- ATheories
- BHypotheses
- CHypothetico-deductions
- DABA
4Behaviour analysis ___________ ‘off-the-shelf’ designs for particular research questions.
- ADoes not have
- BUses
- CDeductively uses
- DSparingly uses
5A ________ of behaviour describes a functional relation between behaviour and controlling variables.
- ATactic
- BTheory
- CPrinciple
- DHypothesis
6Inductive approaches involve _____________________________ .
- Agiving prominence to hypothesis testing
- Bgiving prominence to theory rather than data
- Cgiving prominence to data rather than theory
- Dgiving prominence to experimental behaviour analysis
7Dissimilarity of scores in an experimental condition is called _________.
- ATrend
- BVariability
- CStability
- DA non-parametric test
8When changes in behaviour result from the intervention are meaningful and useful, they are _____________.
- Areliable and significant
- Bstatistically significant
- Cclinically significant
- Dmeasuring what they are supposed to
9A/an __________ is a brief but specific statement of what the researcher wants to learn from
conducting the experiment.- Ainduction
- Bhypothesis
- Cexperimental question
- Dabstract
10Beginning with a measure of an individual’s behaviour against which an independent variable is measured is
called ___________.- Aestablishing a baseline
- Bdeveloping a hypothesis
- Cmeasuring trend
- Dmeasuring variability
11 In his book The Behavior of Organisms (1938) Skinner described a science called the ______________.
- Aexperimental analysis
- Bapplied analysis
- Cbehavioural analysis
- DABA reversal design
12______________ is antithetical to determinism, which specifies that behaviour is lawful.
- AAccidentalism
- BEmpiricism
- CMentalism
- DMaterialism
13Radical behaviourism does not ignore thoughts and feelings, but treats them like other operant behaviours and
calls them _________.- Aemotive behaviours
- Bprivate events
- Cprivate occurrences
- Demotive feelings
14_____________ are circular arguments that do not help to explain behaviour.
- AParsimonious fictions
- BFictitious explanations
- CExplanatory fictions
- DFacts
15The principle that conclusions drawn from scientific manipulation are tentative is that of ________________.
- Aphilosophic doubt
- Bscientific doubt
- Cempiricism
- Dsubjective opinion
16A behaviour analyst may use some _______________________.
- Adiscrete trial teaching as the main approach.
- Bdiscrete trial teaching, but only for children with autism.
- Cdiscrete trial teaching.
- Dbiased opinion
17_________________ refers to a variety of techniques designed to reduce the stimulation directly produced by a
response.- APlanned ignoring
- BSensory extinction
- CEscape extinction
- DShaping
18Allen et al. (2013) found that the presence of manic episode in a woman with schizoaffective disorder and an
intellectual disability made challenging behaviour sensitive to attention. This indicated that her challenging
behaviour was likely maintained by ____________.- Anegative reinforcement
- Bpositive punishment
- Cpositive reinforcement
- Dnegative punishment
19Escape extinction is ___________ for behaviours maintained by social attention.
- Airrelevent
- Brecommended
- Ccontraindicated
- Dhighly recommended
20Holtyn et al. (2014) used negative reinforcement to increase drug abstinence by introducing a _______________ contingent on an employee producing a urine sample showing drug use.
- Atoken econonomy
- Bbase pay reset
- Cpay rise
- Dsectioning
21A cumulative record shows the pattern of responding _______ sessions.
- Aacross
- Bwithin
- Coutside
- Ddependent on
22Under a fixed-time schedule, reinforcers are delivered __________ behaviour.
- AIrrespective of
- Bcontingent on
- Cafter a
- Dbefore a
23A ________ schedule is an example of a complex schedule of reinforcement.
- AVariable interval
- BFeedback
- Ctandem
- DFixed ratio
24The pattern of responding under a fixed-ratio schedule involves a post-reinforcement pause and a series of
reinforcers; a pattern which is called ______________.- APause-and-respond
- Bscallop
- Cbreak-and-run
- Dtime-out
25 A ratio schedule requires a specified number of ___________ since the last reinforcer for the next reinforcer to
be obtained.- Astimuli
- Bseconds
- Creponses
- Dminutes
26Schedule thinning often involves moving from a continuous schedule of reinforcement to an __________ schedule of reinforcement.
- Aintermittent
- Bindirect
- Cindependent
- Dcomplex
27 Sometimes, humans are less sensitive to schedules than animals because of instructional control. Instructional
control describes how _____________ interferes with the schedule.- Averbal behaviour
- Bstimulus control
- Cmotivating operations
- Dcopulation
28One of the limitations of the research on schedules is that a large proportion of it has been conducted using ______________.
- Apositive reinforcement
- Bnegative reinforcement
- Cpositive punishment
- Dnegative punishment
29Grow et al. (2010) interspersed periods of staff availability with unavailability to put excessive social
behaviours of a man with intellectual disabilities under stimulus control. The two schedules (availability and
unavailability) were a multiple schedule because they ____________________.- Awere simultaneous and had discriminative stimuli
- Bwere successive and had discriminative stimuli
- Cwere simultaneous and had no discriminative stimuli
- Dinvolved reinforcement
30Saunders et al. (2005) showed that showing their participants how pieces of paper they had to shred to earn
reinforcers under a fixed ratio schedule made the schedule more effective. This is an example of a ___________________.- APost-reinforcement pause
- BFixed time schedule
- Cdiscriminative stimulus
- Dpunishment
31Reinforcement available for responding outside of schedules in the matching law (Re) is called _______________.
- AExternalising reinforcement
- BExtraneous reinforcement
- CExperimental reinforcement
- DEqual reinforcement
32In a concurrent schedule, two or more schedules are available at the same time, and they are ______________ .
- Adependent
- Binterdependent
- Cindependent
- Dintradependent
33Matching law analyses usually use ______ schedules as they produce a high, stable rate of responding.
- AVR
- BVI
- CFI
- DFR
34_______________ response effort on an alternative will result in an increase in responding on that alternative.
- ADecreasing
- BIncreasing
- CNot changing
- DMaximising
35 In Herrnstein's (1971) matching law equation, B and R represent _____________________________________ respectively.
- Abehaviour emitted and reinforcers obtained
- Bbehaviour emitted and reinforcers available
- Cbehaviour obtained and reinforcers available
- Dbehaviour obtained and reinforcers obtained
36The allocation of responses to alternatives in a matching analysis is the _________ response ratio
- Aabsolute
- Brelative
- Cindependent
- Dreverse
37Applied situations can often be analysed as ________________________.
- Aconcurrent reinforcement schedules
- Bnonconcurrent reinforcement schedules
- Cmixed reinforcement schedules
- DStimulus control
38The opportunity to choose is effective for increasing appropriate behaviour, however it is difficult to tell
whether this is because of the reinforcing effects of making a choice, or that making a choice provided
access to more reinforcing outcomes. This is called the _____________________________.- Achoosing effect
- Breinforcing effect
- Cdifferential outcomes effect
- Dindividual differences
39Borrero et al. (2007) showed that social interactions were aimed at people in a conversation based on how much
reinforcement they provided for interactions (i.e., matching). This finding could be used in a classroom by
providing a __________________ for children who call out too often and the opposite for children who do not
participate enough.- Adenser schedule
- Bleaner schedule
- Cconcurrent schedule
- Da more compacted schedule
40The opportunity to choose tasks, rather than being assigned tasks, might alter the value of escape (i.e.,
could be a / an __________________ for escape as a reinforcer).- Aestablishing operations
- Babolishing operation
- Cconcurrent schedule
- Dmotivating operation
41Because it can be paired with a wide variety of other reinforcers, money is a _____________________.
- Ageneralised unconditioned reinforcer
- Bprimary reinforcer
- Cgeneralised conditioned reinforcer
- Dtoken economy
42If you add a response cost to a token economy, you are adding a _____________________.
- ANegative punisher
- BNegative reinforcer
- CPositive reinforcer
- DPositive punisher
43______________________ involves using a tone as a conditioned reinforcer in recall ranching of fish.
- AImplementing a token economy
- BTemporal discrimination
- CAcoustic conditioning
- DAcoustic encoding
44In a token economy, it is important to clearly explain and arrange how conditioned reinforcers will be ______________________.
- Aexchanged
- Bchanged
- Cunconditioned
- Dconditioned
45A person's _________________ can account for variations in the stimuli that will serve as conditioned
reinforcers or punishers for that person.- Apersonality
- Blearning history
- Cmotivation
- Ddiscriminative stimuli
46A potential mistake in setting up a token economy is to __________________.
- Astop the person bargaining with you
- Bthin the schedule
- Cdefine behaviours poorly
- Dmake the schedule denser
47Protopopova and Wynne (2015) found that the behaviour of dogs in a shelter could be improved to increase their
chances of adoption. Under a differential reinforcement of other behaviour schedule (DRO), reinforcers are
presented ____________________.- Aat fixed times but only if the undesirable behaviour is not occurring
- Bcontingent on desirable behaviour
- Ccontingent on undesirable behaviour
- Dregardless of their behaviour (FI)
48TAGTEACH, which involves a clicker as a conditioned reinforcer for human behaviour, is called __________________.
- Ateaching with unconditioned reinforcement
- Bteaching with acoustical guidance
- Cconditioned teaching
- Dteaching by playing tag
49The difference between clicker training in animals and TAGTEACH is __________________________________________________________ .
- Athere is no explicit pairing of the sound with a primary reinforcer in TAGTEACH
- Bthere is no backup reinforcer in TAGTEACH
- Cclicker training in animals is more effective
- DTAGTEACH uses a token economy whereby clicker training does not
50A conditioned reinforcer is also called a _____________________.
- Aprimary reinforcer
- Bpairing reinforcer
- Csecondary reinforcer
- DToken Economy
51When superstitious behaviour occurs because of something in the environment, it is a Type 2 superstition.
Behaviour is under superstitious ______________ control.- Acausal
- Bdiscriminitive
- Creinforcer
- Dcorrelation
52Skinner (1948) showed each pigeon in his study engaged in a dominant superstitious response when he delivered
reinforcers on a __ schedule of reinforcement.- AFR
- BFT
- CVI
- DVR
53Killeen (1978) showed that superstitious behaviour may not be a result of an inability to discriminate, but of _________ .
- Achance
- Bbias
- Ccontingency shaping
- Dfixed schedules
54Adventitious reinforcement is when a reinforcer __________ a behaviour but is not caused by it
- Aprecedes
- Boccurs simultaneously with
- Cfollows
- Dmotivates
55Superstitious behaviour drifts over time because small ______________ in the behaviour are reinforced and become
dominant- Aconsistencies
- Bvariations
- Cmotivations
- Dcontingencies
56Rule-governed behaviour arises with instruction; it is ______________.
- Ashaped
- Baffected by contingencies
- Cnot shaped
- Dchained
57The law of effect is a _______________ ; it’s about things happening close together in time.
- Atemporal law
- Btemperate law
- Cdiscriminative law
- Dfixed ratio schedule
58Supersitious behaviour is NOT _____________ .
- ADifficult to produce
- Bpersistent
- CBehaviour that drifts over time
- Din fact, real
59Wager and Morris (1978) found that when a clown dispensed marbles on a fixed-time schedule, children developed
superstitious behaviour that was characteristic of scalloped responding under a _____________ schedule.- AFixed-ratio
- BFixed-interval
- CVariable-ratio
- DVariable-interval
60A behaviour analytic account of values is that ________________________ .
- AValues don’t exist
- BValues are unconditioned
- Cwe learn to call some things good and some things bad
- DValues that exist
61To facilitate generalisation to the real-world setting when teaching someone to order at McDonalds, you might
use a real McDonalds menu during training. This is called _______________ .- Amultiple exemplar training
- Bdiscrimination training
- Cincorporating common stimuli
- Dnaturally-occuring stimuli
62A prominent stimulus in the environment can be called _________ .
- Asalient
- Bgeneralisable
- Cdiscrete
- DInsignificant
63The occurrence of behaviour in untrained settings is ___________.
- Ageneralisation
- Bdiscrimination
- Csalience
- Dincorporating common stimuli
64Untrained behaviours that are _______________ to the behaviour that was trained appear under response
generalisation.- Afunctionally irrelevant
- Bfunctionally equivalent
- Ctopographically equivalent
- Dnaturally-occurring stimuli
65Training can be said to be effective when behaviour comes under the control of ___________________________.
- Adiscriminated operants
- Bprompts
- Cnaturally-occurring stimuli
- Dincorporating common stimuli
66Discrimination is when different stimuli ________________________________.
- Aevoke the same response
- Bdo not evoke the same response
- Cevokes a prompt
- Dprevents the same response
67A generalisation gradient shows how much responding occurs as a dimension of the _________________ varies (e.g., colour).
- Areinforcer
- Bdiscriminative stimulus
- Cbehaviour
- Dstimuli
68Lalli et al. (1998) found that the probability of self-injurious behaviour varied based on how close the
therapist stood to the child. They were able to plot a generalisation gradient and the discriminative stimulus
was __________________.- Athe child
- Bthe therapist
- Cattention
- Dthe classroom
69Guttman and Kalish (1956) showed that pigeons' responding to keys that were a slightly different colour to the
training key colour made a generalisation gradient. The shape of this gradient was ______________________________ .- Aa peak in the middle at the training key colour, with fewer and fewer responses the further away the colour was from the training colour.
- Bmore responding to shades of yellow, with no peak
- Ca dip in responses at the training colour, with more responding to other colours
- Da bell-curve
70When you make a generalisation gradient, you plot the ___________________________________ x- and y-axes, respectively.
- Adimension of the discriminative stimulus and number of responses
- Bnumber of responses and dimension of the discriminative stimulus
- Cnumber of responses and reinforcers
- Ddata points
71The consequence of another person terminating an aversive task, interaction, or activity contingent on a
behaviour is ______________________.- ASocial positive reinforcement
- BSocial negative reinforcement
- CSocial negative punishment
- DSocial positive punishment
72Automatic reinforcement occurs when _____________________.
- Abehaviour is followed by a conditioned reinforcer
- Bbehaviour is followed by praise
- Cbehaviour provides stimulation
- Dcontingencies are met
73Indirect methods as also called ______________ because they involve gathering information from people in
the environment.- Adirect observation
- Bdescriptive methods
- Cinformant methods
- Dcovert attention
74A _______________ involves manipulating antecedents or consequences to determine their effect on
behaviour.- Afunctional analysis
- Bscatterplot
- Cdirect observation
- Dsimple regression
75In a functional analysis, function is indicated in the condition with the _________________.
- Athe lowest rate of responding
- Bthe highest rate of responding
- Can average rate of responding
- Dgeneralisation of the behaviour
76Behaviour change as a result of a specific change in the environment as part of a procedure shows a _____________________.
- Atopography of behaviour
- Bfunctional relation
- Cpurposeful behaviour
- Dgeneralised behaviour
77Sharp et al. (2012) showed that liquid rescheduling was effective in decreasing rumination (repetitive
regurgitation and re-swallowing of food). Liquid rescheduling is ___________________.- AAn antecedent intervention
- BAn intervention for behaviours maintained by escape
- CA reinforcer
- DA punisher (Frank Castle)
78Dozier et al. (2011) arranged their functional analysis conditions to reflect the ______________________
of a man's inappropriate sexual behaviour involving feet and shoes. This helped them identify antecedents.- AReinforcers
- Brelevant stimulus conditions
- Cextinction conditions
- Dpunishers
79Scratching a poison ivy rash is an example of _______________________ . A functionally-equivalent
response would be to put calamine lotion on it.- AAutomatic negative reinforcement
- BAutomatic positive reinforcement
- CSocial negative reinforcement
- DSocial positive reinforcement
80Tangible reinforcement is also called _______________.
- Aescape
- Bsocial positive reinforcement
- Cautomatic positive reinforcement
- Dautomatic negative reinforcement
81Explaining animal behaviour in terms of human motives is _______________________.
- Aproblem solving
- Bfunctional equivalence
- Can anthropomorphism
- Dpreposterous
82Novel behaviours can arise from trial-and-error, stimulus generalisation, and _____________________.
- Aimitation
- Bresponse generalisation
- Cproblem solving
- Dshaping
83A dog looking 'guilty' could be negatively reinforced because _______________________.
- Ait results in being petted
- Bit results in the scolding stopping
- Cit results in being forgiven
- Dthe dog actually feels guilty
84When Epstein's pigeons were placed in the problem solving situation there was ________________________________________.
- Aimitation of previous responses
- Bshaping of behaviour
- Can initial conflict between responses
- Dgreat cognitions within the pigeons
85 Keeping the Russian anti-tank dogs hungry created _____________________________.
- Astimulus control
- Ba motivating operation
- Cgeneralisation
- Da discriminative stimulus
86Performing novel behaviours in a situation that you've never been in before to produce certain consequences is __________.
- Atrial and error
- Bproblem solving
- Canthropomorphising
- Dlooking like a fool
87The purpose of conducting a preference assessment for dogs such as in Vicars et al. (2014) is to identify
stimuli that might serve as ____________________.- Areinforcers
- Bmotivating operations
- Cpunishers
- Dabolishing operations
88Vicars et al. (2014) used a paired stimulus preference assessment for dogs. This involved presenting pairs of
stimuli from which the dogs could choose, an approach based on _____________________.- ASupersitious behaviour
- BStimulus control
- Cthe matching law
- Dprevious research
89Martin et al. (2011) conducted a functional analysis on a chimpanzee's faeces throwing behaviour. They found
that the chimpanzee was engaging in this behaviour ____________________________.- ABecause it was angry
- BBecause it was being punished
- CBecause it received reinforcers for doing so
- Dbecause it wanted to be a major league baseball player
90Improving the quality of life of animals in captivity would NOT include ________________________to manage
difficult behaviour.- AEnvironmental enrichment
- Bimplementing function-based interventions
- CForcing compliance
- Dforcing conformity
91Criminal profiling is a process by which evidence (particularly that found at a crime scene) is analysed to
determine ______________ offender characteristics.- Aprobable
- Bpersonality
- Cwith certainty
- Ddeep
92Kocsis, Hayes, and Irwin (2002) found the _______________ was not a factor in the accuracy of profiling.
- Agender
- Bage
- Cexperience
- Dgenetics
93______________ assumes that offenders engaging in similar behaviours will display similar characteristics.
- AHomology
- BBehaviourism
- CEmpiricism
- DHetrology
94Ferguson (2013) suggested that there are only five relevant offender characteristics in a profile - motive,
special skills or knowledge of methods and materials, relationship to the victim, __________________ and criminal skill or forensic awareness.- Apersonality
- Bknowledge of the crime scene or location
- Chistory of abuse
- Ddrunk and disorderly
95One of the challenges is behaviour analysis of criminal behaviour is that often, the behaviours are _________.
- Anot measurable
- Binternal
- Ccovert
- Dovert
96A challenge in teaching incarcerated offenders new behaviours whilst they are in prison is ______________.
- AThey don’t want to change
- Bgeneralisation to outside settings
- Cthere is no evidence that it works
- Dextensively researched and completely effective
97Being sent to prison after committing a crime could be a ___________________.
- ADelayed punisher
- BPunisher with good temporal contiguity
- CDiscriminative stimulus for crime
- Dan ineffective means of teaching someone a lesson. Bring back public execution! :D
98Committing crimes can be on _______________ schedule of reinforcement – sometimes you don’t get caught
- Aa continuous
- Bno
- Cintermittent
- Dfixed interval
99Schnelle et al. (1978) found that adding a helicopter decreased burglaries and the cash benefits outweighed
the cost of the helicopter. The helicopter was most likely a ___________________________.- Adiscriminative stimulus for a punisher (being caught)
- Bpunisher
- Cmotivating operation
- Dreinforcer
100Bassett and Blanchard (1977) found that the number of behaviours punished and the frequency of punishment
increased when a prison token economy was unsupervised. This could have been because implementing punishment
was a _____________ for the behaviour of the guards running the token economy.- Apunisher
- Bmotivating operation
- Creinforcer
- Djeez why did i even start this quiz 100 QUESTIONS!!!?? you're having a laugh mate...
101You have been asked to assess and change a child’s disruptive behaviour at school. The teacher reports that he engages in the behaviour most during maths class. When is the best time to observe?
- ADuring maths lessons.
- BDuring all lessons.
- CAt home.
- DDuring school and at home.
102The research approach that looks at generating theories from carefully collected data is called...
- Abehaviour analysis.
- Bdeduction.
- Cinduction.
- Dthe scientific method.
103Which of the following is accurate from the perspective of behaviour analysis?
- APositive means additive and negative means subtractive.
- BPositive means good and negative means bad.
- CPositive means in the desired direction and negative means contrary to the desired direction
- DPositive means reinforcing and negative means punishing
104Behaviour analysts look for causes of psychological behaviour in the...
- Amind.
- Bbehaver’s repertoire.
- CDSM.
- Denvironment
105Behaviour can be defined as...
- Aanything a person does.
- Bthe interaction of an organism in an environment.
- Cthoughts and feelings.
- Dall of the answers
106Which of the following is a principle?
- AShaping
- BReinforcement
- CChaining
- DDiscrimination training
107The use of visual analysis requires which of the following assumptions?
- AThat the data are accurate.
- BThat all variables (other than the independent variable) were held consistent across phases
- CThat the baseline comes first followed by intervention.
- DThe data is accurate, and the variables are consistent
108The experimental analysis of behaviour as defined by Skinner, involves:
- AMentalisms
- BHypothetical constructs
- CA focus on the environment
- DA focus on the cognitions
109The dimension of applied behaviour analysis ‘generality’ refers to...
- ABehaviour change being meaningful
- BBehaviour change persisting across time
- CBehaviour change persisting across time and across settings
- DBehaviour change methods are described in detail
110How are reinforcement and bribery different?
- ABribery doesn’t work
- BReinforcement doesn’t work
- CBribery precedes behaviour and benefits the briber, reinforcement follows behaviour and is intended to benefit the learner
- DReinforcement follows behaviour and benefits the person reinforcing the behaviour, bribery precedes a behaviour and benefits the briber
111Removing reinforcement for a previously reinforced behaviour is....
- APunishment
- BIgnoring
- CExtinction but is never ignoring
- DExtinction and can be ignoring
112Motivating operations...
- APermanently change the value of a reinforcer and frequency of behaviours previously reinforced by that reinforcer
- BMomentarily change the value of a reinforcer and frequency of behaviours previously reinforced by that reinforcer
- CDeprivation
- DThe value of a punisher
113A schedule is defined as...
- AA rule that describes a contingency.
- BA type of reinforcer specific to that individual
- CA visual system used to help children with autism manage transitions
- DReinforcing every instance of behaviour.
114Which of the following schedules are intermittent?
- Avariable interval and fixed interval
- BCRF
- Cvariable ratio and fixed ratio
- DVI, VR, FI, FR
115How do behaviour analysts measure choice?
- AUsing Maslow’s theory of motivation
- BUsing concurrent schedules of reinforcement
- CUsing consecutive schedules of reinforcement
- DD. None of the answers, behaviour analysts do not believe choice exists
116Which of the following ALL affect matching?
- AMagnitude, delay, punishment, quality, and response effort
- BForce, punishment, reinforcement, stimulus control, and motivation.
- CResponse effort, delay, time of day, individual differences, and inter-response time.
- DCumulative responses, aversive control, timing, quantity, and qualitative choice.
117Choice...
- Ais only determined by an individual’s genetic history
- Bcan be used as a antecedent manipulation
- Ccan be used as a consequence
- Dcan be used as both a consequence, and an antecedent manipulation
118In the matching law, what does Re represent?
- AExtraneous reinforcement: that occurs outside of what we are measuring
- BExternal reinforcement: outside the person
- CExternal responses: what we can measure
- DExtraneous reinforcement: that occurs within complex schedules
119Choice responding to an alternative can be measured by...
- AThe number of responses only
- BThe discriminative stimulus
- CThe number of responses or time allocated
- DThe value of the schedule
120What is the ‘take home message’ of the matching law in regards to explaining choice?
- ADiscriminative stimuli shape choices
- BResponses match reinforcers
- CChoice cannot be measured
- DPreference is more important than choice
121Timmy’s teacher sets up a token economy to teach him to participate during carpet time. She puts a sticker on his chart every time he puts his hand up to answer a question. At the end of the day she tells him how many stickers he achieved. Identify the problem with this system
- ATimmy should only get a sticker if he answered the question correctly
- BStickers should never be used as tokens
- CThere is no backup reinforcer
- DThe teacher should not tell Timmy how many stickers he earned.
122A token economy should always be introduced on a __ schedule and then changed to a ___ schedule of reinforcement
- ACRF, denser
- BCRF, thinner
- CThin, CRF
- DThin, denser
123Which of the following is NOT a mistake when implementing a token economy?
- ANegotiating the backup reinforcer part way through
- BMaintaining a CRF schedule
- CNot exchanging the token economy for a backup reinforcer
- DChanging the backup reinforcer to something more reinforcing
124Select the correct answer. Target training during animal husbandry…
- APunishes the animal for incorrect responses
- BIs only useful for primates and exotic animals
- CIncreases animal interactions with humans
- DDecreases animal interactions with humans
125When should you not use shaping?
- ATo teach a new behaviour
- BWhen you can tell or show someone how to engage in the target behaviour.
- CTo increase a previously-engaged in behaviour.
- DD. To teach verbal behaviour.
126What is the cause of superstitious behaviour?
- ASupernatural forces
- BConcurrent schedules
- CComplex schedules
- DAdventitious reinforcement
127Culture is transmitted...
- AThrough verbal behaviour alone
- BThrough rule-governed behaviour, contingency-shaped behaviour and imitation
- COnly though contingency-shaped behaviour
- DGenetically
128When good events occurs, we tend to attribute the cause to ________ and when negative events occur, we tend to attribute the cause to _______.
- AOurselves, ourselves.
- BThe environment, ourselves
- COurselves, the environment
- DThe environment, the environment
129An S∆ signals
- AThe learner will get reinforcement for choosing the triangle
- BReinforcement is available
- CThis is a discriminate stimulus
- DExtinction
130Find the correct answer. In the original Epstein (1984) paper…
- AOther pigeons trained only in one of the prerequisite skills could not solve the problem
- BJumping to peck at the banana was extinguished
- CThe box being under the banana was an SD for standing on it to peck
- DAll of the answers
131What is generalisation?
- AThe occurrence of behaviour in the presence of stimuli that are similar in some way to the SD present during training
- Ban increase in the likelihood of a behaviour in the presence of a stimulus or setting as a result of being reinforced in the presence of a different stimulus or setting
- CWhen a behaviour is influenced by reinforcement
- Dnone of the answers
132Interventions based on the ______________ of behaviour are more likely to be effective.
- Atopography
- Bfunction
- Cstimuli
- Dsuperstition
133What is the principle of parsimony?
- AAll simple logical explanations should be ruled out experimentally before more complex explanations are considered.
- BShould always go for the most complex explanation, as that is more scientific
- CSimple explanations are usually wrong
- DShould rule out foolish explanations
Informações
- Descrição
- Bangor University Behavioural psychology module
- Autor
- Ben Armstrong
- Idioma
- English
- Visualizações
- 118
- Etiquetas
- Avaliação
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