Flashcards
Biology (cells)
Flashcards do conjunto (28)
- 1Types of cellsThere are 2 types of cells:
1. Eukaryotes
2. Prokaryotes - 2ProkaryotesProkaryotic cells are:
1. small, simple cells.
2. have cytoplasm, a cell membrane and a cell wall.
3. have a genetic material, DNA, called plasmids.
4. they don't contain a nucleus. - 3EukaryotesEukaryotic cells are:
1. complex cells
2. have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material enclosed in the nucleus.
3. are found in animals, plants, fungi (e.g. toadstools, yeast and moulds) and protists (e.g. amoeba)
4. contain membrane-bound structures called organelles, where specific functions are carried out. - 4Parts of a Plant Cell1. Nucleus
2. Cytoplasm
3. Cell Membrane
4. Mitochondria
5. Ribosomes
6. Cell Walls
7. Permanent Vacuole
8. Chloroplasts - 5Parts of an Animal Cell1. Nucleus
2. Cytoplasm
3. Cell Membrane
4. Mitochondria
5. Ribosomes - 6Parts of a Bacteria Cell1. Cytoplasm
2. Cell Membrane
3. Cell Wall
4. Plasmids
5. DNA - 7Parts of a Sperm Cell1. Acrosome
2. Mitochondria
3. Haploid Nucleus
4. End Piece - 8Function of the NucleusIt contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell.
- 9Function of the CytoplasmIt is a gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen.
It contains enzymes that control chemical reactions. - 10Functions of the Cell MembraneIt holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out .
- 11Functions of the MitochondriaThese are where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration takes place.
Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work. - 12Functions of the RibosomesThese are where proteins are made in the cells.
- 13Functions of a Cell WallIt is made of cellulose.
It supports the cell and strengthens it. - 14Functions of the Permanent VacuoleThis contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts.
- 15Functions of the ChloroplastsThese are where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant.
They contain a green substance called chlorophyll, which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis. - 16Functions of plasmidsThis is a small ring of DNA.
- 17Different Specialised Animal Cells- Sperm Cells
- Nerve Cells
- Muscle Cells - 18Different Specialised Plant Cells- Root Hair Cells
- Xylem
- Phloem - 19Sperm Cells (1)They are Adapted for swimming in the female reproductive system - mitochondria in the neck release energy for swimming.
- 20Sperm Cells (2)They are also adapted for carrying out fertilisation with an egg cell - the acrosome contains enzymes for digestion of the ovum's outer protective cells at fertilisation.
- 21Nerve CellsThey have long, slender extensions called axons that carry nerve impulses.
- 22Muscle CellsThey are able to contract (shorten) to bring about the movement of limbs.
- 23Root Hair CellsThey have tiny, hair-like extensions.
These are to increase the surface area of roots to help with the absorption of water and minerals.
- 24XylemThey are long, thin, hollow cells.
Their shape helps with the transport of water through the stem, roots and leaves.
- 25PhloemThey are long, thin cells with pores in the end walls.
Their structure helps the cell sap move from one phloem cell to the next.
- 26Cell Specialisation/ DifferentiationCell specialization, also known as cell differentiation, is the process by which generic cells change into specific cells meant to do certain tasks within the body.
- 27Haploid NucleusNucleus with a half chromosome set.
- 28—
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- These are notes for GCSE students who are trying to study biology
- Criado por
- Israa Khan
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