Flashcards
Chapter 6: Deviance and Social Control
Flashcards do conjunto (28)
- 1DevianceThe violation of norms(or rules or expectations).
- 2CrimeThe violation of norms written into law.
- 3Stigma"Blemishes" that discredit a person's claim to a "normal" identity.
- 4Social OrderA group's usual and customary social arrangements, on which its members depend and on which they base their lives.
- 5Social ControlA group's formal and informal means of enforcing its norms.
- 6Negative SanctionAn expression of disapproval for breaking a norm, ranging from a mild, informal reaction such as a frown to a formal reaction such as a fine or a prison sentence.
- 7Positive SanctionAn expression of approval for following a norm, ranging from a smile or a good grade in class to a material reward such as a prize.
- 8Genetic PredispositionInborn tendencies(for example, a tendecy to commit deviant acts).
- 9Street CrimeCrimes such as mugging, rape, and burglary.
- 10Personality DisordersThe view that a personality disturbance of some sort causes an individual to violate social norms.
- 11Differential AssociationEdwin Sutherland's term to indicate that people who associate with some groups lean an "excess of definitions" of deviance, increasing the likelihood that they will become deviant.
- 12Control TheoryThe idea that two control systems-inner controls and outer controls- work against our tendencies to deviate.
- 13Degradation CeremonyA term coined by Harold Garfinkel to refer to a ritual whose goal is to remake someone's self by stripping away that individual's self-identity and stamping a new identity in its place.
- 14Labeling TheoryThe view that the labels people are given affect their own and others' perceptions of them, thus channeling their behavior into either deviance or conformity.
- 15Technique of neutralizationWays of thinking or rationalizing that help people deflect(or neutralize) society's norms.
- 16Cultural GoalsThe objectives held out as legitimate or desirable for the members of a society to achieve.
- 17Institutionalized MeansApproved ways of reaching cultural goals.
- 18Strain TheoryRobert Merton's term for the strain engendered when a society socializes large numbers of people to desire a cultural goal (such as success), but withholds from some the approved means of reaching that goal; one adaptation to the strain is crime.
- 19Illegitimate Opportunity StructureOpportunities for crimes that are woven into the texture of life.
- 20White-Collar CrimesEdwin Sutherland's term for crimes committed by people of respectable and high social status in the course of their occupations; for example, bribery of public officials.
- 21Corporate CrimeCrime committed by executives in order to benefit their corporation.
- 22Criminal Justice SystemThe system of police, courts, and prisons set up to deal with people who are accused of having committed a crime.
- 23Recidivism RateThe percentage of released convicts who are rearrested.
- 24Capital PunishmentThe death penalty.
- 25Serial MurderThe killing of several victims in three or more separate events.
- 26Police DiscretionThe practice of the police, in the normal course of their duties, to either arrest or ticket someone for an offense or to overlook the matter.
- 27Medicalization of DevianceTo make deviance a medical matter, a symptom of some underlying illness that needs to be treated by physicians.
- 28MedicalizationThe transformation of a human condition into a matter to be treated by physicians.
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- FlashCards sobre Chapter 6: Deviance and Social Control, criado por DreamBig0927 em 06-12-2014.
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