Flashcards
Biology: Unit 1 Human Systems
Flashcards do conjunto (68)
- 1MacromoleculeLarge molecule made up of small molecules that are linked together
- 2MetabolismTotal of all the chemical reactions that occur in the organism
- 3Essential NutrientNutrient that must be obtained by food
- 4CarbohydratesMacromolecules: Provide short term or long term energy storage
- 5MonosaccharidesSimple sugars
- 6DisaccharideMade up of two monosaccharide molecules
- 7Polysaccharidemany links of monosaccharide (chain)
- 8Glycogenpolysaccharide made up of glucose
- 9LipidCompound that does not dissolve in water
- 10Amino AcidBuilding block of protein
- 11Peptide BondsHolds together the amino acids
- 12PolypeptideSeveral amino acids linked by peptide bonds
- 13HydrolosisWater breaks macromolecules into smaller molecules
- 14EnzymeProtein molecule that helps speed up the chemical reactions in the body
- 15Ailmentary CanalMouth at one end, Anus at the other
- 16Mechanical DigestionPhysical break-down of large pieces of food
- 17Chemical DigestionChemical Breakdown of nutrient molecules by enzymes
- 18Salivary Glandsglands that produce saliva to start chemical digestion
- 19SalivaWatery secretion of the mouth
- 20EsphogausMuscular tube which allows food to pass
- 21PeristalisWave like series of muscular contractions
- 22Bolussmooth soft mass of food
- 23Esphogeal Sphincterentrance to the stomach
- 24Gastric JuicesMuscus that is produced by glands in the stomach aids in digestion
- 25ChymeLiquid made up of gastric juice and digested food
- 26PepsinEnzyme in Gastric Juices
- 27Pyloric Sphincterend of the stomach pushes out chyme
- 28Duodenumsection of the small intestine into which food passes from the stomach
- 29VilliImproves absorption of nutrients found lining the surface of the small intestine
- 30Jejunumfollows immediately after duodenum
- 31Ileumfollows after the jejunum
- 32BileFluid secreted by the liver that helps fight digestion
- 33PancreasSecretes pancreatic fluid into the duodenum each day
- 34Liverlargest internal organ
- 35Gall BladderStores bile between meals
- 36Respiratory SystemsProvides living things with oxygen and gets rid of waste
- 37Respirationprocess involved in bringing oxygen into the body
- 38InspirationDrawing oxygen air into the lungs
- 39Expirationreleasing waste air
- 40External Respirationexchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the inspired air
- 41Gas Exchangedelivery of oxygen and elimination of carbon dioxide from the blood to the lungs
- 42Internal Respirationexchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the blood and body's tissue
- 43Cellular Respirationenergy releasing chemical reactions that take place in the cell
- 44Ventilationprocess of moving an oxygen containing medium over the respiratory surface
- 45Pharynxpassageway that connects the mouth and nasal cavity to the larynx and esophagus
- 46TracheaWindpipe
- 47Glottisopening of the Trachea
- 48LarynxBetween the glottis and trachea that contains the vocal cords
- 49BronchiPassageway that branches from the trachea to the lung
- 50Bronchiolebranches from each bronchus inside the lung into smaller thin walled tubes
- 51Alveolustiny air sacks found at the end of a bronchiole
- 52Hemoglobinprotein in red blood cells
- 53Circulatory SystemsTransports blood, nutrients and waste around the body
- 54HeartMuscular organ that pumps blood through the body
- 55Blood Vesselshollow tube that carries blood to and from body tissues
- 56Bloodfluid that transports nutrients, O2, CO2 through out the body
- 57Pulmonary ArteryBlood Vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lungs
- 58Pulmonary VeinsBlood vessel that carries blood from the lungs to the heart
- 59AortaArtery that carries blood from the heart to the arteries
- 60Atrioventricular Valvevalve between the ventricle and atrium
- 61Semilunar Valvevalve between the ventricle and large arteries ; carries blood away from heart
- 62ArteriesCarry blood away from heart
- 63Veinscarry blood towards the heart
- 64Capillariessmallest blood vessels ;spread throughout the body
- 65Plasmaclear yellowish fluid in the blood
- 66Red Blood CellsHollow red cells that transport oxygen
- 67PlateletsFragments of cells that forms when larger cells in the bone marrow break apart
- 68White Blood CellsFight Viruses