Flashcards
Unit 2: Genetics
Flashcards do conjunto (59)
- 1GeneticsHow genetic information is passed on from one gen to the next
- 2Somatic Cellsplant or animal cell that forms the body of the organisms
- 3Interphasecell carries out normal function, makes copies of genetic material
- 4Mitosisnucleus and genetic material divide
- 5CytokinesisInvolves the division of the cell cytoplasm and creation of a new cell
- 6G1 phasesynthesizing many new molecules in preparation for the next phase
- 7S phasecellular DNA is replicated
- 8G2 phasecell synthesizes more molecules
- 9Chromosomestructure in the nucleus which contains DNA
- 10Sister ChromatidsGenetically identical and held together by centromere
- 11Spindle FibreMade of microtubules
- 12CentrosomeHelps form Spindle Fibres
- 13GenomeComplete DNA sequence of an organism
- 14Sex ChromosomesX or Y that determines sex of an organism
- 15Autosomenot involved in determining sex
- 16Homologous Chromosomecontains the same sequence of genes as another chromosome
- 17GeneSection of DNA
- 18AlleleDifferent form of the same gene
- 19Karyotypephotograph of paired homologous chromosomes
- 20Asexual ReproductionRequires only one parent, produces identical offspring
- 21Sexual ReproductionRequires two parents, distinct offspring
- 22Gametemale or female reproductive cell
- 23Zygotecell formed by the fusion of two gametes
- 24FertilizationJoining of male and female haploid gametes
- 25HaploidHalf the number of chromosomes
- 26DiploidContains pairs of Homologous Chromosomes
- 27Meiosiscellular process that produces half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
- 28SynapsisAligning of homologous chromosome during prophase1 in meiosis 1
- 29Spermatogenesisproduce male gametes
- 30Oogenesisproduce female gametes
- 31Crossing Overexchange of chromosomal segments
- 32Deletionpiece of a chromosome is deleted
- 33Duplicationsection that appears two or more times
- 34Inversionsection of a chromosome is inverted
- 35TranslocationSegment of one chromosome become attached to a different chromosome
- 36Non- Disjunctionfailure of separation
- 37Monosomyloss of a chromosome
- 38Trisomygain of a chromosome
- 39P generationFirst organisms crossed
- 40F1 generationoffspring of P generation
- 41F2 generationoffspring of F1 gen
- 42Dominantappears when individual has allele
- 43Recessiveappears when individual has 2 allele
- 44GenotypeOrganisms genetic makeup
- 45PhenotypePhysiological traits
- 46Homozygoussame allele
- 47Heterozygoustwo different allele
- 48Punnett Squareillustrate all possible genotypes and phenotypes of a offspring
- 49Monohybriddiffers by 1 trait
- 50Dihybridcross of two traits
- 51Law of Independent Assortmenttwo alleles for one gene segregate or assort independently of the alleles for other genes
- 52Incomplete Dominanceblending of two traits
- 53Codominanceboth traits are dominant
- 54Heterozygous Advantagebenefit for individuals who inherit two different alleles for the same trait
- 55Multiple AllelesGenes with more then 2 alleles
- 56Continuous Variationrange of variation in one trait
- 57Polygenic traittrait that is controlled by more the one gene
- 58Linked Genesgenes that are on the same chromosome and that tend to be inherited together
- 59Sex Linked Traittrait controled by genes on X or Y