Flashcards
Bio First Test
Flashcards do conjunto (46)
- 1A proteins Structure depends onon the physical and chemical
conditions of the proteins environment
eg : pH, salt concentration temperature and others) - 2Protein functions includestructural support, storage, transport,
cellular communications, movement, and defense against foreign
substances - 3• Polypeptides arepolymers built from the same set of 20 amino
acids - 48 types of proteins1.Enzymatic
2.Structural
3.storage
4.Transport
5. Horminal
6. Receptor
7.Contracile, motor
8.Defensive - 5Enzymes arechemical agents that selectively speed up chemical reactions
without being consumed by the reactions - 6Amino acids areorganic
molecules with a carboxyl and an
amino group - 7Amino acids differ in their properties due todiffering side
chains, called R groups - 8A functional protein consists ofone or more polypeptides twisted,
folded and coiled into a unique shape - 9Lysozymepresent in our sweat, tears and saliva. It is an enzyme that helps
prevent infection by binding to and destroying specific molecules on the surface of many kinds of
bacteria - 10endorphins bind to specific receptors of brain cell in humansproducing euphoria and relieving pain
- 11Sickle-Cell DiseaseA Change in Primary Structure of hemoglobin
- 12first step of Protein Folding in the CellThe unfolded polypetide enters the chaperonin from one end of the cylinder shape
- 13Second step of Protein Folding in the CellThe cap attaches causing the cylindr to change shape in such a way that it creates an hydrophilic environment for the folding of the polypetide
- 14Third Step of Protein Folding in the CellThe cap comes off and the properly folded protein is released
- 15The two types of nucleic AcidsDeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic acid (RNA - 16The amino acid sequence of polypeptides is programmed byby a unit of inheritance called gene.
- 17Genes are made ofDNA, a nucleic acid.
- 18Explain the DNA --> RNA--> Protein process1. Synthesis of mRNA in the nucleus
2.Mouvement of mRNA to cytoplasme via nuclear pore
3. Synthesis of protein by Ribosome - 19•Nucleic acids arepolymers called
polynucleotides - 20•Each polynucleotide is made ofmonomers
called nucleotides - 21•Nucleotide consists ofa nitrogenous base, a
pentose sugar, and a phosphate group - 22The portion of the nucleotide without the phosphate group is callednucleoside
- 23Name two types of nitrogeneous bases1.Pyrimidines
2.Purines - 24Name two pyrimidines found in DNA1. Cytosine
2. Thymine - 25Name two pyrimidines found in RNA1.cytosine
2.Uracil - 26Name two purines found in dna and rna1.Guanine
2. Adenine - 27Name the sugar found in DNADeoxyribose
- 28Name the sugar found in RNARibose
- 29Que ce que L'hyperchromicitécest la propriété des polymères biologiques, et en particulier l'ADN et l'ARN, de voir leur absorption dans l'UV augmenter lorsqu'ils subissent une dénaturation, c'est-à-dire une perte de leur structure secondaire1
- 30Originally, ethidium bromide (EB) found fame in the late 1940s asan an5trypanosomal, an5microbial, an5bacterial, and an5viral agent (1
- 31(ethidium Bromide ) EB inhibitsinhibits DNA polymerase and binds in vitro to both RNA and DNA.
- 32DNA-EB binding mechanism led to the discovery that the drug (and many other related molecules) bindsby a mechanism
termed intercala5on - 33L’homme est le sexehétérogamétique
- 34La femme est le sexehomogamétique
- 35Les liasons entre sucres dans les acides nucléiques est appeléeliaison phosphodiester
- 36Les riboses et des désoxriboses sont unis les une aux autres parPar des groupes phosphates
- 37Quel acide nucléique inclut des riboses et désoxyriboses en proportion variableaucun ARN cellulaire inclut les 2 types de sucres
- 38Dans les nucléotides la base azotée est liée auc1' du ribose
- 39La dénaturation est une transitionune transition brusque, pas progressive
- 40Quelle molécule dont la fluorescence augmente quand elle est liée à l’ADN ne se lie pas au petit sillon de l’ADN ?Iodure de propidium
- 41how many hydrogen bonds are there between adenine and thymine2
- 42how many hydrogene bonds are there between guanine and cytosine3
- 43Les agents intercalant se positionnententre les bases
- 44Donnez deux exemple du cours des agents intercalantsbromure d’éthidium
iodure de propidium - 45Donnez deux exemples d'agents qui se lient au petit sillionExemples : 1. Hoescht 33258
2. SYBRgreen - 46—