O GoConqr está de visual novo! Conte para nós o que você achou.

Registre-se grátis

Flashcards

BIOL 473 Theory Test 1

Maddie Allen Physiology MCAT Inglês 67 flashcards

BIOL 473 Theory Test 1

Flashcards do conjunto (67)

  1. 1Five sensesAuditory, gustatory, olfactory, and tactile
  2. 2Adaptation definitionthe process by which a sensory system becomes insensitive to a continuing source of stimulation
  3. 3Proprioreceptiorstype of interoreceptor that innervate muslces, ligaments, joints, and tendons to advise brain of body's movement and position
  4. 4Mechanoreceptor that senses gentle pressureMeissner's corpuscles
  5. 5Receptive fieldThe area of skin that a tactile receptor can respond to
  6. 6Order from most localization to least: forearm, fingertip, wrist, palmFingertip, palm, wrist, forearm
  7. 7What determines tactile sensitivity for a given areaDensity of receptors
    More receptor fields = more sensitive
  8. 8Penny experiment: why is pressure sensation soon lost?The brain can choose what to focus on, so it can ignore constant stimuli
  9. 9What temperatures are thermoreceptors sensitive to?Cold: lower than 37ºC
    Warm: 37ºC-45ºC
    Above 45ºC: nociceptors (pain)
    Receptors adapt in range of 20ºC-40ºC
  10. 10Homeostatic thermoreceptorsNear hypothalamus, responsible for setting internal temp. to ~37ºC
  11. 11Do warm temp. receptors transmit absolute or relative information about temperaturesRelative
  12. 12Define reflexesRapid, autonomic responses to specific stimuli;
    may rely on only sensory and motor neurons (monosynaptic) or involve interneurons between sensory and motor neurons (polysynaptic)
  13. 13Steps of knee jerk reaction1. Extensor muscle stretched
    2. Muscle spindle stimulated
    3. Primary afferent neuron excited
    4. Primary afferent neuron stimulates alpha motor neuron to extensor muscle
    5. Alpha motor neuron stimulates extensor muscle to contract
    6. Primary afferent neuron stimulates inhibitory interneuron
    7. Interneuron inhibits alpha motor neuron to flexor muscle
    8. Flexor muscle (antagonist) relaxes
  14. 14Are muscle stretches mono- or polysynapticmonosynaptic
  15. 15Grey matterPrimarily cell bodies of neurons of spinal cord; un-myelinated
  16. 16Grey matter: Posterior hornaxon terminals of sensory neurons
  17. 17Grey matter: lateral horncell bodies of autonomic system neurons
  18. 18Grey matter: Anterior (ventral) horncell bodies of somatic motor neurons
  19. 19Roots: posterior (dorsal) rootNerve that travels to posterior horn
  20. 20Roots: dorsal root ganglioncell bodies of sensory neurons
  21. 21Roots: Anterior (ventral)Nerve that travels from lateral and ventral horns
  22. 22When the volunteer performed Jendrassik maneuver, how did the knee-jerk reflex change?Amplitude increased because inhibition decreased
  23. 23What does the effect of the Jendrassik maneuver indicate about neural pathways involved in simple reflexes?pathways close --> inhibition response decreases
  24. 24Why do you multiple the distance between patellar tendon and sacrum by twoSensory --> CNS
    CNS --> targets W
  25. 25Would you expect the conduction velocity to be the same or different with Jendrassik maneuver?Same because distance and time do not change
  26. 26Consider the two volunteers: Liam is 1.8m (5.9ft) tall and Jacqui is 1.4m (4.6ft) tall. Which volunteer will have a faster response timeJacqui bc she is shorter --> less distance to travel
  27. 27Why is it important that neurons in this reflex are myelinated?It decreases response time, which is important to keep the body safe in dangerous situations
  28. 28Guillain-Barre syndrome is a demyelinating disease caused by infection. People with this will have loss of knee-jerk reaction. Why is this true?Signals are lost because they are weaker; can't generate AP or reach CNS
  29. 29MyopiaNearsightedness; occurs when the eyeball is too long or focusing apparatus (cornea and lens) is too strong (or both); light is focused in front of retina; corrected with diverging lens
  30. 30HyperopiaFarsightedness; when eyeball is too short or focusing apparatus is too weak (or both); light is focused behind the retina; corrected with converging lens
  31. 31Presbyopiawhen lens of eye loses elasticity with age; corrected with convex (converging) lens
  32. 32AstigmatismCornea is football shaped; causes multiple focal points bc light is bent more in some places than in others
  33. 33Conduction deafnessAny problems with external or middle ear structures involved in conducting sound vibrations
  34. 34Sensorineural deafnessAny problems with structures inside cochlea
  35. 35Weber testTests for conductive deafness using tuning fork; whichever ear it sounds louder in is the "damaged" ear
  36. 36Rinne testTest for conductive deafness using tuning fork; if sound is not audible, there is conductive deafness in that ear, if the sound is audible, there is sensorineural deafness in the opposite ear
  37. 37Weber/Rinne example: Participant 1 lateralizes left for the Weber test. After the Rinne test, they report they can hear the tuning fork on the left side. This person has ______deafness in the ________earSensorineural deafness in the right ear
  38. 38What do the semicircular canals detectRotational movement
  39. 39What are the three doses of drugs that will be givenInitial dose: ketamine (dream-like state) and Xylazine (muscle relaxant)
    Second dose: bupivacaine (painkiller) after incision mark but before actual incision
    Third dose: Ketoprofen as additional painkiller post-op
  40. 40What drugs can be given to reverse the effects of xylazine and bupivacaineatipamezole
  41. 41Preparation of the ratApply sterile opthalmic ointment to each of animal's eyes; shave hair; ear punch; instructor marks incision site; disinfect
  42. 42disinfection orderalcohol-iodine-alcohol
  43. 43Three layers of the abdominal wallExternal oblique
    Internal oblique
    Transverse abdominis
  44. 44Which side receives oxygenated bloodThe left ventricle by the left atrioventricular (bicupid/mitral) valve
  45. 45Where does blood go after left ventricleThrough aortic semilunar valve to aorta, where it is shunted to the rest of the body
  46. 46Which side of the heart receives deoxygenated bloodThe right atrium receives deoxygenated blood and is separated from right ventricle by the right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid)
  47. 47Where does the blood go after it is received in the right side of the heartTo the lungs to be oxygenated!
  48. 48Papillary musclesfinger like extensions from the wall of the ventricle; connected to right and left atrioventricular valves
  49. 49Chordae musclesConnect papillary muscles to atrioventricular valves
  50. 50Blood flow through the heartLeft atrium --> through bicuspid valve into left ventricle --> through aortic semilunar valve into aorta
  51. 51What is ultrasoundTechnology that uses high frequency sound waves to penetrate the body, creating an echo signal
  52. 52HyperechoicAppears white
    ex) connective tissue
  53. 53AnechoicAppears black
    Fluid filled
    ex) blood vessels
  54. 54IsoechoicAppears light grey
    ex) Liver
  55. 55HypoechoicAppears dark grey
    ex) Kidneys
  56. 56List the following structures from closest to farthest from the probe: liver, gallbladder, abdominal musclesAbdominal muscles, liver, gallbladder
  57. 57True or false: Organs have homogenous ethnogenicitiesFalse
  58. 58What axis are we viewing the heart fromParasternal long axis
  59. 59—
  60. 60Which probes do you use for: heart, abdomen, and neckHeart: 3S
    Abdomen: 4C
    Neck 12L
  61. 61What would happen to the blood pressure in the brain if the internal jugular vein did not change during the Valsalva maneuverIt would build up; this could result in inadequate blood/gas exchange
  62. 62—Liver
    Can see portal vein and other blood vessels    Liver Can see portal vein and other blood vessels
  63. 63—
  64. 64What are the ethnogenicities of the kidneyAnechoic w/ isoechoic cortex, hypoechoic pyramids, & hyperechoic calluses
  65. 65When the left ventricle is contracting, which valve is openAortic semilunar
  66. 66When the left ventricle is relaxed, which valve is open?Bicuspid
  67. 67Do the ends of the leaflets of the valves ever touchYes, to prevent blood regurgitating back

Informações

Descrição
Theory test for physiology lab covering special senses, rat surgery, and ultrasound
Criado por
Maddie Allen
Visualizações
70
Avaliação

Fale Conosco

Sobre o que é sua mensagem?

O que você acha do novo visual?

Você gostou?