Flashcards
Germany 1919-1941
Flashcards do conjunto (33)
- 1How did Germany emerge physically from defeat in the First World War?By 1918 Germany was making 50% of the milk and 60% of the butter and meat which had been produced before the war. 1916-1917 potatoes ran out. 0.75 million Germans died from hunger/disease. Flour was mixed with sawdust to increase volume. This was caused by disruption of farming and British naval blockade in the last 2 years of war.
- 2When was the republic with Ebert as chancellor set up?November 9, 1918.
- 3What were the consequences of the Treaty of Versailles of Germany?Accept war guilt (article 231)
£6600 million reparations
Loss of 10% of industry
Loss of 15% agricultural land
Loss of overseas colonies
Army limited to 100,000; Navy limited to 15,000 sailors, 6 battleships, no submarines
Rhineland occupied by Allies for 15 years
Loss of 13% land (6 million people)
West Prussia lost to Poland
Alsace-Lorraine returned to France - 4State two uprisings against the republic, one from the left and one from the right.Spartacist uprising (January 1919) led by Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg. Crushed by the Freikorps.
The Kapp Putsch (March 1920). Freikorps led by Wolfgang Kapp marched into Berlin and declared a new government. The army refused to fire on them, so Ebert fled to Dresden. The Putsch collapsed within days due to a general strike called to combat it. - 5Explain how the 1923 crisis unfolded.Germany missed a reparations payment, so in January, French and Belgian troops marched into the Ruhr. German's in the Ruhr responded with passive resistance. German government continued printing money even though nothing of real value was coming out of the Ruhr. Hyperinflation.
- 6When was the Munich (Beer Hall) Putsch.8-9 November, 1923.
- 7How was the crisis of 1923 dealt with?Streseman called off passive resistance.
October: government burned old money and introduced the Rentenmark until the value of German money stabilised, at which point the permanent Reichsmark was brought in (1924). - 8When was Friedrich Ebert president?11 February 1919 -- 28 February 1925
- 9State three foreign policy successes of the Weimar period after 1923.1925: Locarno Treaties guaranteed Germany's frontiers with France and Belgium.
1926: Streseman secured Germany a permanent seat on the League of Nations' council.
1929: Young Plan produced a final agreement on reparations. Allied forces withdrew from the Rhineland. - 10State three economic successes of the Weimar period after 1923.1924: Dawes Plan. USA lent Germany 800 million marks for investment.
1928: Industrial production surpassed pre-FWW levels.
1930: Germany one of the world's leading exporters of manufactures goods. - 11Name one artist for each of the following aspects of Weimar culture: 1) Painting 2) Film (directing) 3) Acting 4) Architecture (which movement)1) Otto Dix-- 'New Objectivity'
2) Fritz Lang-- 'Metropolis'
3) Marlene Dietrich
4) Bauhaus - 12When did Hindenburg replace Ebert as President?1925
- 13What were some of the political problems of the Weimar republic?PR system led to unstable governments. 25 separate governments in 14 years.
Nationalists wanted the TofV completely overthrown, not simply revised.
Communists and Nazis wanted to overthrow the WR completely. - 14How much of the vote did the Nazis win in the July 1932 elections?37.3%
- 15How did Hitler consolidate his power in 1933 and 1934?February: Reichstag fire
March: Reichstag elections, Enabling Act
April: Local government reorganised. Formation of the Gestapo
May: Trade unions banned
June: Concordat with the Pope
July: Other political parties banned
June 1934: The Night of the Long Knives
August 1934: Death of Hindenburg. Hitler becomes president. - 16On whom did the Nazis blame the Reichstag fire?Dutch communist Marinus van der Lubbe
- 17When was Article 48 passed and what powers did it give Hitler.After the Reichstag fire (27 Feb 1933).
Gave police emergency powers to search houses, confiscate property, detain people indefinitely without trial, death penalty for wide range of crimes.
Goering's police seized state radio station
Political opponents could be dropped into detention centres by police. - 18What percentage of the vote did the Nazis get on the General election on March 5 1933.44%
- 19How did Hitler use the Reichstag fire to his advantage?1) Goering's Prussian police arrested 4000 communist leaders to stop them campaigning before the general election.
2) Hitler used the fire as evidence that the communists were dangerous. - 20When, how, and by how much was the Enabling Act passed?23 March 1933. Hitler had banned the Communist party and used the SA to intimidate SPD. Passed 444 votes to 94.
- 21When was the Night of the Long Knives, and who was killed during it?30 June 1934. Rohm and 200 other SA leaders executed.
- 22How did the depression help the Nazis?It weakened the Weimar government:
To try and solve the economic disaster but avoid hyperinflation the chancellor raised taxes, cut wages, and reduced unemployment benefit-- all unpopular policies.
The President was an 84 year old, controlled by business and army leaders.
Rise in popularity of extremist parties because people were fed up with the status quo. - 23How did the Nazis get the vote up?Organisation
Propaganda
Use of technology
Promises to voters
Flexibility of policy
Hitler idolised
Weakness of opposition - 24What did the Nazis stand for in the 1920s?Abolish TofV
Destroy Weimar Republic
Destroy communism
Remove Jews from positions of leadership
No non-German newspaper editors
Educate gifted children at state's expense
Increase old age pensions
Nationalise important industries
Conquer lebensraum
Rearm Germany - 25Why did Hitler attempt the Munich Putsch?Friends with Ludendorff who might be able to persuade the army to help the Nazis.
Hitler thought the Bavarian government would support a Nazi Putsch. - 26Briefly describe the series of events of the Munich Putsch.Kahr (the PM of Bavaria) was addressing a meeting of 3000 businessmen at a beer hall in Munich on 8 November. Hitler and Goering arrived with 600 SA and persuaded Kahr at gunpoint to support him.
However, the next day, when the Nazis marched into Munich, they were met by police and army reinforcements. Kahr had told the government ahead of time. There was a short scuffle in which 16 Nazis were killed and Hitler fled but was arrested two days later. - 27What were the results of the Nazis euthanasia program?Killing of mentally ill. 6000 youths murdered. Gas chambers built in 6 mental asylums.
- 28What were the Nuremberg Laws?Revealed at the party rally in September 1935, these laws banned Jews from Reich citizenship and prohibited Jews having relationships with Aryans.
- 29When and what was Kristallnacht?9-10 November 1938.
Nazis torches synagogues and vandalised Jewish homes, schools, and businesses.
100 Jews killed.
30,000 Jewish men arrested and sent to Nazi concentration camps. - 30What was the Nazis 'Final Solution'?The systematic extermination of 6 million Jews.
- 31Why was the WSC felt especially hard in Germany?Germany had been dependent on US loans, which had been given in the Dawes plan, and were withdrawn after the crash.
- 32What promises did the Nazis make to those people worst affected by the Great Depression?--Nazis responded to mass unemployment (6 million in 1932) by offering jobs in the SA and setting up soup kitchens. They promised to get people back to work on road building and public works
--Rural poverty grew as farm crops couldn't be sold. Nazis promised farmers that they would help rural economy improve and praised the 'simple way of life' - 33What powers did the Enabling Act give Hitler?The power to make laws without the approval of either the Reichstag or President. This allowed him to set up a dictatorship.
Informações
- Descrição
- Post war Germany; the Weimar period; the rise of the Nazis; the rule of the Nazis.
- Criado por
- muon neutrino · dez 2015
- Atualizado
- 6 abr 2018
- Visualizações
- 4
- Avaliação