Flashcards
Structure of the Heart
Flashcards do conjunto (21)
- 1Blood in the ventriclesPumps blood away from the heart and into the arteries which lead to the rest of the body
- 2Ventricle Features- Thicker muscular wall
- has to contract strongly - 3Right VentricleOnly has to pump blood through the pulmonary artery to the lungs and therefore has a thinner muscular wall than the left ventricle
- 4Left VentricleHas to pump blood through the aorta and to the rest of the body so therefore has a thicker muscular wall than the right ventricle
- 5Blood through the atriaThe atria receive blood from the veins and pump it into the ventricles
- 6Atria Features- Elastic to stretch as it collects blood
- Thin walled - 7The human heart is described asa double pump system as there are two pumps, side by side.
- 8The pump on the right deals with what type of blood?deoxygenated blood from the body
- 9The pump on the left deals with what type of blood?oxygenated blood from the lungs
- 10Blood supply to the heartThe heart is supplied with blood through the CORONARY ARTRIES. Blockage of these arteries (e.g through a blood clot) leads to myocardial infarction
- 11Valves between the atria and ventriclesThese are called atrioventricular valves or 'AV valves'. The left AV valve is called the bicuspid valve, and the right AV valve is called the tricuspid valve. These valves prevent back flow of blood into the atria when the ventricles contract
- 12Vessels connecting the heart to the lungsPulmonary vessels
- 13AortaConnected to the left ventricle and carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body apart from the lungs.
- 14Vena CavaConnected to the right atrium and brings deoxygenated blood back from the tissues of the body (except the lungs)
- 15Pulmonary VeinConnected to the left atrium and brings oxygenated blood back from the lungs. This is strange as normally veins carry deoxygenated blood!
- 16Pulmonary ArteryConnected to the right ventricle and carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs, where its O2 is replenished and its CO2 is removed. This is unusual as normally arteries carry oxygenated blood.
- 17Risk factors associated with coronary heart disease (3 factors)- Smoking
- High salt intake
- Blood Cholesterol - 18Blood Cholesterol - HDL'sHDL's (high density lipoproteins) remove cholesterol from the tissues and transport it to the liver for excretion. They help protect arteries against heart disease.
- 19Blood Cholesterol - LDL'sLDL's (low density lipoproteins) transport cholesterol from the liver to the tissues, including the artery walls, depositing it behind the endothelium layer. This can lead to the development of atheroma, which may lead to heart disease.
- 20SmokingCarbon monoxide binds readily but irreversibly with haemoglobin. This means no oxygen gets to tissues so the heart has to work harder, meaning blood pressure is raised and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke it increased.
- 21High blood pressureGenes can cause high blood pressure. As there is already a higher blood pressure in the arteries, the heart must work harder to pump blood into them. This means there is a higher risk of developing and bursting an aneurysm causing a haemorrhage. Walls of the arteries thicken = restricted blood flow.
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- AS - Level Biology (7 - Mass Transport) FlashCards sobre Structure of the Heart, criado por Bee Brittain em 19-04-2016.
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- Bee Brittain
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