Flashcards
Types of gene mutation _ Regulation of Gene expression
Flashcards do conjunto (15)
- 1MutationIs a random change to the genetic material. Some involve changes to the structure or number of chromosomes.
- 2Types of gene mutationMitotic division - Are somatic mutations and are not passed to offspring.
Meiosis mutations- gamete formation maybe inherited by offspring. - 3Two Classes of MutationPOINT MUTATION: one base pair replaces another
INSERTION OR DELETION MUATATION: one or more nucleotides are in/del from a length of DNA - 4Point MutationsThree Types:
Silent
Missense
Nonsense - 5Indel mutationsBoth insertions or deletions that cause a frameshift.
- 6Silent MutationMutations can be reduced because amino acids have more than one base triplet code.
When a triplet code CHANGES but still codes for the SAME amino acid. - 7Missense MutationsA CHANGE to the base triplet sequence that leads to a change in the amino acid sequence in a protein.
- 8Nonsense MutationsA point mutation may alter the base triplet, so that it cause the sequence to terminate.
Especially destructive- Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - 9FrameshiftIf a nucleotide base pairs are inserted in the gene or deleted from the gene because the code is non-overlapping, read in 3's and following bases are altered.
- 10Expanding triple nucleotide repeatsIn an E.T.N.R the number of amino acids in the triplet increases at meiosis and again from generation to generation.
Huntington disease. - 11Beneficial MutationsHelp drive evolution through natural selection. Different alleles of a particular genes are expressed because of mutation.
Eye colour
Skin colour - 12Regulation of Gene expression at transcription level in Prokaryotic cellsEnzymes that catalyse the metabolic reactions are synthesised at a constant rate.
Enzymes that may only be needed under specific conditions are synthesised at varying rates. - 13The lac OperonE.coli normally metabolises glucose as respiratory substrate.
When lactose is present, lactose induces the production of two enzymes:
Lactose permease
B-galactosidase - 14Lac Operon structureConsists of a length of DNA, 6000 base pairs long.
Contains Operator region LacO, structural genes LacZ and LacY.
Which code for B-galactosidase and lactose permease. - 15Lac Operon FunctionWhen regulatory gene is expressed, the repressor protein produced binds to the operator preventing RNA polymerase from binding to promoter region.
When lactose is present, it binds to LacI repressor protein, RNA polymerase can then bind to promoter region.
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- AS level Biology (Module 6- Genetics and Ecosystems) FlashCards sobre Types of gene mutation _ Regulation of Gene expression, criado por 007842-Stuart Denton em 05-01-2017.
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- 007842-Stuart Denton
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