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SOCI 231
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Questions in this quiz (48)
1Which of the following is NOT true of a normal distribution?
- Ait is a set of empirical observations
- Bit is a theoretical distribution
- Cit is symmetrical
- Dit is bell-shaped
2Normal curves have a special property. Which of the following answers best describes it?
- Amean=0
- Bmean=median=mode
- CZ-score=mean=median
- Dmean=0 and st. dev.=1
3A normal distribution with a large standard deviation is
- Anot normal at all
- Btall and skinny ("peaked"), but still normal
- Cthe same shape as a normal distribution with a small standard deviation
- Dwide and flat, but still normal
4A useful feature of "the area under the normal curve" is that
- Ait is neither too large nor too small
- Bwe know what proportion of cases lie within 1, 2, and 3 standard deviations of the mean.
- Cits skew is exactly 3 times the square root of N.
- Dthe total area under the normal curve is 98%
5What percent of cases lie between one standard deviation below the mean and one standard deviation above the mean?
- A50%
- B68.26%
- C10%
- D95.46%
6Law School Admission Test (LSAT) scores are normally distributed, with a mean of 150 and a standard deviation of 10. Calculate the Z score for a person who receives a score of 157 on the LSAT. (This requires the formula for a Z-score, but not a calculator).
- A-0.7
- B0.7
- C1.0
- D157
7Find the percentile rank of a person who receives a score of 136 on the LSAT (Remember the mean is 150 and the standard deviation is 10. Again, you'll need a formula, but the math is easy. This is a test of your understanding, and ability to use the standard normal table.)
- A2nd
- B8th
- C48th
- D50th
8Which of the following is NOT true of the STANDARD normal distribution?
- Amean=0
- Bmean=median
- Cstandard deviation=1
- Dmean=standard deviation
9If a Z score is negative, the original score was below the mean.
- ATrue
- BFalse
10Your newborn daughter has just been given an intelligence test and scored 143. The doctor tells you that's a very high score and gives you the supporting literature. You want to know how many childen scored higer, so you find the mean and standard deviation and generate a Zscore of 2.84. Next, you turn to the standard normal table. Which column has information you seek?
- AColumn A
- BColumn B
- CColumn C
- DColumn B+c
11Which one of these is the set of people or enteties you theorize about and hope to generalize to (or infer to) but do not actually study (in their intirety)--probably because you don't have that much time or money.
- Asample
- Bcluster
- Cpopulation
- Dcensus
12What words go in the blanks of the following sentence?: We use sample ___________ to estimate unknown population ____________. That's the "relationship" between the two. If you have a bad sample; you'll have bad estimates.
- Aparameters, statistics
- Bdata, date
- Cestimates, observations
- Dstatistics, parameters
13Can you identify the notations for BOTH the sample statistic AND the population parameter for each of these? (Just answer TRUE to get this right). mean proportion standard deviation variance
- ATrue
- BFalse
14Statistical inference requires probability samples.
- Atrue
- Bfalse
15Which type of sampling method allows the researcher to "over-sample" a given sub-population so that they may be studied in more detail than would be possible than if they were represented in small, though representative, numbers?
- Astratified
- Bsystematic
- Cproportionate stratified
- Ddisproportionate
16For the two best sampling methods, the first step is, "Get a list." What is that list called?
- Athe population
- Bthe phone book
- Cthe sampling frame
- Dthe list
17Which sampling method involves selecting every Kth element from your list?
- Arandom
- Bsystematic
- Cproportionate
- DK-based sampling
18If we took repeated samples from a large population and calculated a mean for each, then collected all those means, the distribution of those means would have characteristics like any other, including a standard deviation. What is the special name for the standard devaition of this distribution? (You should also know the formlua, though I can't type it into blackboard for a quiz. Imagine I said, "Write out the formula for two points.")
- AStandard deviation of the sampling distribution
- Bstandard error of the mean
- Cstandard deviation of the samples
19Which if the following does NOT follow from the Central Limit Theorem?
- AAs sample size gets larger, the sample mean gets closer to the population mean
- BAs sample size increases, the standard error of the mean decreases
- CIf sample N=50 or more, the distribution will be approximately normal, regardless.
- DIf the population distribution is normal, a sample size of just 30 will give a normal distribution.
- ENone; these are all implications of the CLT
20What is the BEST sampling method--the one you should ALWAYS use, if it all possible?
- Asystematic
- Brandom
- Cnon-probability
- Ddisproportionate
21Estimation procedures use ________________ to estimate population parameters.
- AThe index of qualitative variation
- Bsample statistics
- Ctargeting procedures
- Deducated guesses
22Because of _______________ we are able to specify the probability that a real population parameter (for example the average number of children a woman in the U.S. will bear in her lifetime) will fall within a certain specified range of our sample statistic, say plus or minus .2 of the average number of childeren in our sample of women interviewed.
- Athe central limit theorem
- Bthe value of point estimation
- Cnon-probability samples
- Dthe way means are sensitive to outliers
23What's the first step in getting a confidence interval for the mean?
- AGet the Z-score for your desired level of confidence
- BCalculate confidence interval (formula)
- CCalculate standard error of the mean
- DInterpret the results
24Write the formula for the standard error of the mean (for a sampling distribution of means) on a scrap piece of paper. What is the denominator of that equation (the part underneath the line)?
- Aalpha
- Bsigma
- CN-1
- Dthe square root of N
25For this question, you may want to look at figure 9.5 in your textbook or your notes. It's the one that divides the normal curve into sections B and C for reading the standard normal table: If your Z score was -1.35, and you wanted to know the proportion of cases with scores BELOW yours, what would you do?
- AUse the value in column C associated with my Z-score
- BUse the value in column B associated with my Z-score
- CAdd .500 to the value in column B associated with my Z-score
- DAdd .500 to the value in column C associated with my Z-score
26For this question, you may want to look at figure 9.5 in your textbook or your notes. It's the one that divides the normal curve into sections B and C for reading the standard normal table: If your Z score was -.078, and you wanted to know the proportion of cases with scores ABOVE yours, what would you do?
- AUse the value in column C associated with my Z-score.
- BUse the value in column B associated with my Z-score.
- CAdd .500 to the value in column B associated with my Z-score.
- DAdd .500 to the value in column C associated with my Z-score.
27What is the Z-score associated with a 95% confidence level? (It's VERY useful to memorize this fact, but you can find it in the Standard Normal Table if necessary)
- A95
- B2
- C1.65
- D1.96
28Here's how you interpret the results of a confidence interval:
- A"This estimate has a margin of error of plus or minus ___________ and a confidence level of -----------."
- B"We can be ___ % confident (confidence level) that the true population mean is somewhere between ___ and ___ (within the confidence interval)."
- Cboth a and b are fine interpretations
- Dnone of the above
29If you find that your sample mean is outside your confidence interval and you'd like to do something to improve your results. What is the best method for doing that?
- Aget a smaller standard deviation
- Bget a larger sample
- Clower your confidence level
- Djust lie
30When we adressed the topic of testable research questions (which come before hypotheses), Dr. Bryson said to make sure you have two things. What were they?
- Aa pencil and paper
- Ba measure and a point of comparison
- Ca thesis and an advisor
- Da literature review and a dataset
31The research hypothesis is expressed in terms of _____________.
- Apopulation parameters
- Bthe expected outcome (rather than a statement of "no difference")
- Cboth a and b
- Dnone of the above
32Which type of hypothesis would allow you to find a significant result whether you two variables were positively or negatively related.
- Aa research hypothesis
- Ba one-tailed hypothesis
- Ca two-tailed hypothesis
- Da null hypothesis
33Type I error is the probability associated with rejecting a true null hypothesis
- ATrue
- BFalse
34The second step in hypothesis testing is "make your three statements." Which of the following is not one of those three statements?
- Aalpha
- Bthe research hypothesis
- Cnormality
- Dthe null hypothesis
35In order to use the t-test, the sample must have a normal distribution unless you have an N of at least ___.
- A30
- B50
- C100
- D5
36In order to use t-test, your dependent variable must be measured at the _______ level.
- Anominal
- Bordinal
- Cinterval
- Dprobability
37What does the p in p-value stand for?
- Apercent
- Bprobability
- Cthe name of the guy who invented this technique: Pearson
- Dwe didn't learn that
38Why can't we use Z-scores to do hypothesis testing on compared means?
- Abecause that would be too easy
- Bbecause Z-scores require knowledge of the population standard error
- Cbecause Z-scores can't do group comparisons
- Dbecause of degrees of freedom
39Which of the following does NOT involve a "degrees of freedom" calculation (and thus a "family of curves, one for each df)?
- Az
- Bt
- Cchi-square
- Dall of the above
40Which of the following statistics do NOT test hypotheses about a population based on a randomly selected sample?
- At-tests
- Bstandard deviations
- CZ-scores
- Dchi-square statistics
41You have calculated the mean of an interval-level variable in your data set, which is a randomly selected sample of 30 normally distributed cases drawn from a larger population. Now you want to make a claim about the mean of this variable in the whole population. What statistic would you use to do that? (Note: I haven't included the most obvious answer below, but I have included the main statistic involved.)
- Achi square
- Ba regression coefficient
- Ca t-test
- Da Z-score
42Which statistic allows you to test whether a DIRECTIONAL (positive versus negative) statistical relationship exists between two variables?
- At-test
- Bregression
- Ca and b
- Dchi square
43When constructing your hypotheses for a chi square test, the one that specifies statistic independence should be the _________.
- Anull hypothesis
- Bresearch hypothesis
- Cwhichever one you want, based on your research question
- Dno hypothesis should ever specify statistical independence
44Looking at a bivariate crosstabulation percentaged in columns (the independent variable), if there were no relationship between the two variables, you would expect to see....
- AA completely random and unpredictable distribution of percentages. In other words no pattern. Just a mess.
- BThe top line of the table would have the same number all the way across. Then the next row would also have all the same number, etc.
- CEach column would have all the same number (though the columns would be different from each other.
- DThere just isn't any way to predict.
45Inferential hypothesis testing is a good way to determine once and for all whether something is really happening in a dramatic and important way in our social world.
- ATrue
- BFalse
46If I have the frequency counts for two variables (separately), I can calculate the number of cases that WOULD go in each cell of a bivariate crosstab IF the two variables were statistically independent.
- Atrue
- Bfalse
47If there's no relationship between your two variables, chi square will be
- Aunstable
- Bnegative
- Cvery large
- Dzero
48The chi square statistic becomes unstable when 20% or more of the cells in your table have EXPECTED frequenceis below _______.
- Anormal
- B20
- Cthe marginals
- D5
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- Sociology Quiz on SOCI 231, created by Anna Clark on 10/12/2017.
- Author
- Anna Clark
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- Created on 10 Dec 2017 · updated on 10 Dec 2017
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