Quiz
CH. 50
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Questions in this quiz (50)
1As cleavage divisions continue, the ball or layer hollows out to form the ____.
- Azygote
- Bblastomere
- Cblastula
- Dgastrula
- Emorula
2The pharyngeal arches contribute to the formation of the ____.
- Alegs and arms
- Blungs
- Cheart
- Dbrain and spinal cord
- Elarynx and pharynx
3In ____, the gray crescent establishes the ____ axis of the body.
- Ahumans; dorsal-ventral
- Bbirds; dorsal-ventral
- Cbirds; anterior-posterior
- Dsea urchin; anterior-posterior
- Efrogs; dorsal-ventral
4Evidence that all differentiated cells contain the organism's complete genome is provided by ____.
- Acomparing frog and sea urchin development
- Bobserving that multipotent cells give rise to pluripotent cells
- Cobserving that some cells remain totipotent
- Dthe successful cloning of a sheep, Dolly
- Eobserving that totipotent cells give rise to multipotent cells
5During ____, the three germ layers rearrange to produce tissues and organs.
- Aorganogenesis
- Bgastrulation
- Cfertilization
- Dcleavage
- Eparturition
6Yolk, when unequally distributed in the egg cytoplasm, is most commonly concentrated in the ____ half of the egg.
- Aanimal
- Bgastrulation
- Cvegetal
- Dcleavage
- Eembryonic
7Compared to other mammals, the human brain is unique with respect to its ____.
- Aintegrative capacity only
- Bpathway of embryonic development only
- Cdegree of complexity only
- Dintegrative capacity and degree of complexity
- Eintegrative capacity, degree of complexity, and pathway of embryonic development
8Unequal distribution of yolk and other components in a mature egg is termed ____.
- Ainvolution
- Bcleavage
- Cgastrulation
- Dpolarity
- Eneurulation
9The lining of the mouth and anus originate from the ____, while the lining of the respiratory tract originates from the ____.
- Aendoderm; ectoderm
- Bectoderm; endoderm
- Cectoderm; mesoderm
- Dmesoderm; endoderm
- Eendoderm; mesoderm
10Genetic testing performed on cells of the placenta is called ____, while a similar procedure that uses cells derived from the amniotic fluid is called ____.
- Aplacenta sampling; chorionic villus sampling
- Btrophoblast testing; chorionic villus sampling
- Ctrophoblast testing; amniocentesis
- Dplacenta sampling; amniocentesis
- Echorionic villus sampling; amniocentesis
11Place the cellular processes responsible for animal development in the correct order: ____.
- Ainduction ® differentiation ® determination
- Bdetermination ® differentiation ® induction
- Cdetermination ® induction ® differentiation
- Dinduction ® determination ® differentiation
- Edifferentiation ® determination ® induction
12The chorion is produced from which primary tissue layer(s)?
- Aectoderm and mesoderm
- Bectoderm and endoderm
- Cectoderm only
- Dendoderm and mesoderm
- Eendoderm only
13In ____, one group of cells causes or influences another nearby group of cells to follow a particular developmental pathway.
- Adetermination
- Bdifferentiation
- Cinduction
- Dapoptosis
- Ecleavage
14Arrange the developmental stages in the proper order.
- Agastrula ® blastula ® morula
- Bblastula ® gastrula ® morula
- Cblastula ® morula ® gastrula
- Dmorula ® blastula ® gastrula
- Emorula ® gastrula ® blastula
15In an egg, the ____ pole typically gives rise to surface structures and the anterior end of the embryo while the ____ pole gives rise to internal structures such as the gut and the posterior end of the embryo.
- Agastrulation; animal
- Banimal; vegetal
- Cvegetal; animal
- Dcleavage; embryonic
- Ecleavage; gastrulation
16Whole-cell movements involve the coordinated activity of ____.
- Ablastomeres only
- Bmicrotubules, microfilaments, and blastomeres
- Cmicrofilaments only
- Dmicrotubules and microfilaments
- Emicrotubules only
17During gastrulation in frog embryos, cells migrate into the blastopore by a process called ____.
- Acleavage
- Binvolution
- Cinvagination
- Dinduction
- Eadhesion
18Normally, human fertilization occurs in the ____.
- Avagina
- Buterus
- Ccervix
- Doviduct
- Eovary
19During early embryonic development, implantation into the uterine lining occurs at the ____ stage.
- Amorula
- Bhypoblast
- Cgastrula
- Dzygote
- Eblastocyst
20How does the amount of yolk relate to the nourishment of the organism?
- AAll animal eggs have the same amount of yolk and provide the same amount of nourishment.
- BAn egg with a large amount of yolk contains all of the nutrients for the embryo's development.
- CThere is no relationship between the amount of yolk and the nourishment of the organism.
- DAn egg with a small amount of yolk contains all of the nutrients for the embryo's development.
- EAn egg lacking yolk contains all of the nutrients for the embryo's development.
21When the SRY gene of the Y chromosome becomes active (around 7 weeks), the ____.
- AMüllerian ducts develop into male reproductive structures and the Wolffian ducts disappear
- BMüllerian ducts disappear and the Wolffian ducts develop into male reproductive structures
- CMüllerian and Wolffian ducts both disappear
- DMüllerian and Wolffian ducts both develop into female reproductive structures
- EMüllerian and Wolffian ducts both develop into male reproductive structures
22Which group of adult tissues is derived from the mesoderm?
- Alining of respiratory tract, thyroid gland, urinary bladder
- Blining of the digestive tract, liver, pancreas
- Cskin, liver, pancreas
- Dskin, brain, retina
- Emuscles, bones, cartilage
23Which group of organisms has a pattern of gastrulation that is the most similar to humans?
- Asea urchins
- Bzebra fish
- Cbirds
- Damphibians
- Edrosophila
24Eggs from which organism contain the lowest percentage of yolk?
- Ahumans
- Breptiles
- Cmoths
- Dbirds
- Einsects
25Uterine contractions ____.
- Aonly occur during the first two stages of labor
- Bare controlled by negative feedback
- Coften occur during the second trimester
- Dare stimulated by the hormone prolactin
- Eare controlled by positive feedback
26Apoptosis is ____.
- Acell differentiation
- Bprogrammed cell death
- Ccell induction
- Dcell determination
- Ea mechanism of cellular adhesion
27During mitotic cleavage, ____.
- Ano cell division occurs and the embryonic mass does not change
- Bno cell division occurs and the embryonic mass increases
- Ccell division occurs and the embryonic mass increases
- Dthe cell is in a dormant stage
- Ecell division occurs and the embryonic mass does not change
28Which structure of the eye is matched appropriately with its developmental origin?
- Acrystallin ® retina
- Bmesoderm ® retina
- Coptic cup ® lens
- Dcrystallin ® cornea
- Eectoderm ® cornea
29What determines the development of male or female sex organs in the human embryo?
- Agenes on the X chromosome
- Benvironmental factors
- Cneither the X nor Y chromosomes
- Dgenes on both the X and Y chromosomes
- Egenes on the Y chromosome
30In vertebrates, the central nervous system develops directly from the ____.
- Aneural tube
- Bneural plate
- Ccells of the neural crest
- Dsomites
- Enotochord
31Which event occurs in a human fetus with the XX combination of sex chromosomes?
- AAnti-Müllerian hormone is produced.
- BTestosterone is secreted.
- CThe Wolffian ducts develop.
- DThe gonads develop into ovaries.
- EThe SRY gene is activated.
32Human development ____.
- Abegins at puberty
- Bis complete at puberty
- Cbegins at conception
- Dis complete at birth
- Eoccurs only during adult life
33The outer single layer of cells of the blastocyst is called the _____.
- Ainner cell mass
- Btrophoblast
- Czona pellucida
- Dendometrium
- Egastrula
34During gastrulation in sea urchins, invagination produces a cavity called the ____.
- Asecondary mesenchyme
- Bblastocyst
- Carchenteron
- Dblastocoel
- Eprimary mesenchyme
35As the period of fetal growth comes to an end, a steep rise in ____ levels directly causes ____.
- Aestrogen; uterine cells to express oxytocin receptor genes
- Bprogesterone; uterine cells to express oxytocin receptor genes
- Cestrogen; oxytocin production
- Dprogesterone; uterine contractions
- Eestrogen; uterine contractions
36Cleavage-stage cells are called ____, which form a solid ball or layer called a ____.
- Ablastulas; blastocoel
- Bblastocoels; blastomere
- Cblastomeres; blastula
- Dmorulas; blastomere
- Eblastomeres; morula
37When a dorsal lip from a newt is attached to the ventral side of another embryo, it results in ____.
- Asurvival of only the original newt
- Btwo separate newts
- Cdeath of the newt
- Dno observable result
- Etwo attached newts
38Muscles originate from the ____.
- Aectoderm only
- Bendoderm only
- Cectoderm and endoderm
- Dmesoderm only
- Eectoderm and mesoderm
39The correct sequence of embryonic development is ____.
- Acleavage, gastrulation, and organogenesis
- Bgastrulation, fertilization, and organogenesis
- Cgastrulation, cleavage, and organogenesis
- Dfertilization, organogenesis, and cleavage
- Egastrulation, organogenesis, and fertilization
40During differentiation, organs develop with different numbers of cells due to ____.
- Acell adhesion molecules that are only present in some tissues
- Bcell determination
- Cmicrotubule rearrangement
- Dthe variable length of mitotic interphase
- Ecell migration
41After childbirth, ____ in the mother.
- Aprolactin stimulates the production of milk and oxytocin stimulates the secretion of milk
- Boxytocin stimulates the production of milk and prolactin stimulates the secretion of milk
- Coxytocin stimulates the production and secretion of milk
- Destrogen and progesterone are directly responsible for the production and secretion of milk
- Eprolactin stimulates the production and secretion of milk
42Removal of webbing between human fingers is an example of ____.
- Ameiosis
- Bdifferentiation
- Cdetermination
- Dinduction
- Eapoptosis
43In sea urchins, the primary mesenchyme cells eventually become the ____.
- Aendoderm
- Bectoderm and endoderm
- Cendoderm and mesoderm
- Dectoderm
- Emesoderm
44Before zygotic genes become active, the stages of animal development are directed by the ____.
- Acytoplasmic determinants of the egg and the sperm
- Bcytoplasmic determinants of the sperm
- Cenvironment
- Dcytoplasmic determinants of the egg
- Ezygote nucleus
45The final body form of an animal is generated as differentiated cells settle into their appropriate sites; this process is called ____.
- Afertilization
- Bmorphogenesis
- Cinvolution
- Dparturition
- Egastrulation
46At the cellular level, the development of an adult animal from a fertilized egg involves ____.
- Ameiosis only
- Bcell differentiation only
- Cmitosis, cell differentiation, and morphogenesis
- Dmitosis only
47Experiments on selective adhesion between ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm derived from amphibian embryos demonstrated that ____.
- Aectoderm cells have positive affinity for mesoderm cells but negative affinity for endoderm cells
- Bectoderm cells have negative affinity for mesoderm cells but positive affinity for endoderm cells
- Cmesoderm cells have negative affinity for endoderm and ectoderm cells
- Dectoderm cells have positive affinity for both endoderm and mesoderm cells
- Eendoderm cells have positive affinity for both ectoderm and mesoderm cells
48When the optic vesicle contacts overlying ectoderm, developmental events are induced, leading to ____ in the developing lens.
- Aapoptosis
- Bcrystallin and keratin synthesis
- Cdegradation of crystalline and keratin
- Dcrystallin synthesis
- Ekeratin synthesis
49Research indicates that ____ defects occur ____ often with multiple births than single births.
- Aheart; more
- Bmusculoskeletal; more
- Cgastrointestinal; less
- Dcentral nervous system; less
- Echromosomal; less
50In vertebrates, organogenesis begins with ____.
- Adifferentiation
- Bdetermination
- Cfertilization
- Dneurulation
- Egastrulation
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- Biology Quiz on CH. 50, created by d e on 12/12/2017.
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- d e
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