Quiz
Science- Test 1- Soil
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Questions in this quiz (100)
1What is the term to match with this definition?
The mechanical and chemical processes that change objects on Earth's surface over time. It is able to break, wear, abrade, and chemically alter rocks.- Aerosion
- Bweathering
- Cdeposition
2What is mechanical weathering? Check all that apply.
- APhysical processes naturally break rocks down
- BRocks can be chemically altered
- CRocks are broken down into smaller pieces called sediment
3True or False- Sand, silt, and clay make up sediment.
- ATrue
- BFalse
4What are the largest soil pieces?
- ASilt
- BClay
- CSand
5What are the smallest soil pieces?
- AClay
- BSand
- CSilt
6[blank_start]Sediment[blank_end] forms when weathering breaks rocks down into smaller and smaller pieces.
- ASediment
7How can changing the chemical makeup of the rock affect the rock? Check all that apply
- AChanging the chemical makeup of the rock doesn't affect it at all
- BChanging the chemical makeup often makes it easier for the rock to break down
- CChanging the chemical makeup of the rock makes it harder to break down the rock
- DChanging the chemical makeup of the rock makes the rock weaker so it will wear easier.
8The chemical makeup of a rock is NOT changed by [blank_start]mechanical weathering[blank_end].
- Amechanical weathering
- Bchemical weathering
9The total surface are of something [blank_start]increases[blank_end] when it is broken into smaller pieces.
- Aincreases
- Bremains the same
- Cdecreases
10True or False- Surface are is the amount of space outside an object.
- ATrue
- BFalse
11What are the causes of MECHANICAL weathering? Check all that apply.
- AThermal Expansion
- BAnimal Actions
- CCarbonic Acid
- DIce Wedging
- EWater
- FAbrasion
- GOxidation
- HAcid Rain
- IPlant Growth
12What is thermal expansion?
- AThe temperature of a forest fire causes nearby rocks to expand
- BThe heat from fire or a hot summer day causes rocks to burn.
- CThe heat from the sun causes rocks to contract and wither, breaking them.
- DThe temperature of a forest fire causes rocks to crack
- Eboth A and D
- Fboth A and B
13Another word for ice wedging is [blank_start]frost wedging[blank_end].
- Afrost wedging
14What is the process of ice wedging in order?
- A1. Water enters cracks in rocks
2. Ice expands
3. Crack widens - B1. Water enters cracks in rock
2. Water freezes when the temperature drops
3. Ice expands
4. Crack widens
5. Repeated freezing and thawing eventually breaks the rock - C1. Ice is previously in the rock
2. Ice breaks the rock
3. Ice expands.
4. Freezing and thawing cracks the rock
- A1. Water enters cracks in rocks
15What is abrasion? Check all that apply.
- AThe wearing away of rock by friction or impact
- BWhen rocks bump into each other in a stream or by wind.
- CA mechanical process
- DNone of the above
- EAll of the above
16Plant growth is when plants grow in a [blank_start]crack[blank_end] in the rock. The plant then absorbs [blank_start]minerals[blank_end] from the rock, making it weaker. Then, the roots of the plant get wider, pushing on either side of the crack and breaking it.
- Acrack
- Bminerals
17What are animal actions?
- AAnimals die and decay on rocks, forming organic rocks.
- BAnimals burrow through rocks and break it down as they dig.
- CAnimals burrowing through the ground create holes and areas where the soil can be exposed to more weathering.
- DA and B
- EB and C
18True or False- The surface area of a rock is important
- ATrue
- BFalse
19Carbonic acid is when [blank_start]water[blank_end] reacts with carbon dioxide in the air.
- Awater
- Boxygen
- Cnitrogen
- Dacid
20What is chemical weathering?
- AWater, air, and other substances react with minerals in the rock to change the rock.
- BChemical weathering changes the chemical composition of minerals.
- CA process that beaks down rocks into smaller pieces called sediments. These sediments are not the same chemically.
- DAll of the above
21True or False- Rocks weather at different rates.
- ATrue
- BFalse
22True or False- Weathering is slow in cold, dry places.
- ATrue
- BFalse
23What process hollows out limestone caves?
- AMechanical weathering
- BChemical weathering
- CSpatial Weathering
- DCave weathering
24What is weathering?
- AA shift in weather patterns
- BA process that breaks rocks down into smaller pieces
- CThe process by which mountains are formed
- DA process where the seasons change
25How might a weathered mountain appear different from an unweathered mountain?
- AThe weathered mountain will appear rounder
- BThe weathered mountain will appear taller
- CThe weathered mountain would contain fewer trees
- DThe weathered mountain would appear more jagged
26How does mechanical weathering differ from chemical weathering?
- AChemical weathering is a faster process than mechanical weathering.
- BChemical weathering occurs in wet climates; Mechanical weathering occurs in dry climates.
- CChemical weathering is more effective than mechanical weathering.
- DChemical weathering changes the chemical composition of the rock; Mechanical weathering does not.
27What might cause weathering?
- Avolcanic eruptions
- Bacid rain
- Cviolent earthquakes
- Dgrowing plants and expanding ice
28What impact does weathering have on soil formation?
- AChemical weathering adds helpful chemicals to the soil.
- BRocks are broken down into sediment which helps make up soil.
- CIce wedging in mechanical weathering helps add water to the soil when the ice melts.
- DVolcanic eruptions contribute metamorphic rocks to the soil.
29What type of rocks are formed by weathering? Check all that apply.
- AIgneous rocks
- BSedimentary rocks
- CMetamorphic rocks
- DSlate
30How long does the weathering process take?
- AThere is not enough information to determine this
- BIt varies
- CYears and years
- D5-7 months
31Carbonic acid is a mixture of..
- Awater and oxygen
- Bwater and carbon dioxide
- Cchemical pollutants and oxygen
- Dcarbon dioxide and acids
32[blank_start]Heat[blank_end] speeds up chemical reactions
- AHeat
- BWater
- CCold climate
33Oxidation is: When [blank_start]oxygen[blank_end] combines with other elements or molecules, it causes [blank_start]chemical[blank_end] weathering to occur in a rock. When oxygen combines with iron, it forms [blank_start]iron[blank_end]-oxide. This is also know as [blank_start]rust[blank_end]!
- Aoxygen
- Bchemical
- Ciron
- Drust
34True or False- Similar rocks can weather at different rates.
- ATrue
- BFalse
35True or False- The climate, or average weather in a region or area, doesn't affect the rate of weathering.
- ATrue
- BFalse
36The rate of weathering depends on [blank_start]water[blank_end] and tempreture
- Awater
37Weathering often occurs [blank_start]fastest[blank_end] in regions near the equator
- Afastest
- Bslowest
38True or False-The type of rock affects the rate of weathering
- ATrue
- BFalse
39Which of the following is true? Choose the best answer.
- AThe most easily weathered mineral determines the rate at which the entire rock weathers.
- BThe mineral that is the most difficult to weather determines the rate at which the entire rock weathers.
- CThe weathering rate is not affected by the minerals in the rock.
40True or False- Low hardness- harder to weather
- ATrue
- BFalse
41The size and the [blank_start]number of holes[blank_end] in the rock affects the rate at which the rock weathers.
- Anumber of holes
- Bshape
- Camount of dirt
42Fill in the blank. ____________ in the air can react with rain to make it more acidic.
- ANitrogen
- BPollutants
- COxygen
- DWater vapor
43How does chemical weathering change rock?
- AIt breaks down rock into sediments.
- BIt physically breaks rocks down.
- CIt changes rocks through water, carbonic acid, acid rain, and oxidation.
- DBoth A and C
- ENone of the above
44Water is known as the universal [blank_start]solvent[blank_end] since so many substances dissolve in water.
- Asolvent
45Carbon dioxide reacts with water in the air. It then sinks into the [blank_start]soil[blank_end] to create carbonic acid.
- Asoil
- Bgrass
- Cconcrete
46When pollutants enter the air and react with rain, acid rain is produced. What are some examples of pollutants? Check all that apply.
- AOxygen
- BVolcanoes
- CFactory smoke
- DSulfur oxides
- ENitrogen
47When oxidation occurs, the inside of the rock oxidizes the most and turns red because of it.
- ATrue
- BFalse
48Is sand formed through mechanical or chemical weathering?
- AMechanical
- BChemical
- CBoth
- DNeither
49Is oxidation a chemical or mechanical process?
- AChemical
- BMechanical
50How is the pH of a solution measured? (on a scale)
- AOn a scale of 1-14
- BOn a scale of 1-7
- COn a scale of 0-14
- DOn a scale of 0-7
51Which mineral dissolves most substances in chemical weathering?
- Aacid
- Bwater
- Cair
52What is another way to measure pH? Check all that apply.
- AWeather it is Acidic
- BWeather it is Basic
- CWhether it is Nuetral
- DpH is only measured on a scale
53What is the pH of a neutral substance?
- A5
- B0
- C1
- D14
- E7
- F8
54What is the pH of normal rain?
- A5
- B6
- C4
- Dnone of the above
- E7
55True or False- The pH of acid rain is 4.5.
- ATrue
- BFalse
56True or False- Normal rain causes more chemical weathering than acid rain does.
- ATrue
- BFalse
57Repeated freezing and [blank_start]thawing[blank_end] breaks rocks apart.
- Athawing
58Which of the following causes abrasion? Check all that apply.
- AGlaciers
- BWind
- CWaves
- DA strong current in a stream.
59Choose the best, most accurate definition for soil.
- AThe mixture of weathered rock, rock fragments, decayed organic material, water, and air.
- BThe dirt on the ground.
- CThe territory of a particular nation.
- DThe brown, dirty ground on which we stand upon that farmers plant crops upon so they can grow.
- ESand, silt, and clay.
60True or False- Half or the volume of soil is solid materials.
- ATrue
- BFalse
61What is the organic matter in soil? Choose all that apply.
- AThe remains of animals
- BThe remains of plants
- CHumus
- DLitter
- ESand
- FSilt
- GClay
62What is Humus?
- AThe dark organic material that forms in soil when plant and animal matter decay.
- BLeaves twigs and and other material that drops to the soil and piles up.
- COrganic matter that is very nutritious and fertile that supports plant growth.
- DA and B
- EA and C
- FB and C
63True or False- Soil texture is the size of the particles.
- ATrue
- BFalse
64The [blank_start]inorganic[blank_end] matter in soil is material that has never been alive. Examples are boulders, gravel, sand, silt, and clay.
- Ainorganic
- Borganic
65What are pores? Choose the best answer.
- ASmall openings in the skin
- BHoles and spaces in leaves and litter.
- CHoles in sand, silt, and clay where water and air can pass through
66What is litter? Check all that apply.
- ALeaves and twigs that fall on soil.
- BTrash that people throw on the ground.
- COrganic, nutritious material.
- DDecomposed and decayed plant material.
67Clay has [blank_start]small[blank_end] pores. Sand has [blank_start]big[blank_end] pores.
- Asmall
- Bbig
- Cmedium-sized
- Dbig
- Esmall
- Fmedium-sized
68Soil fertility is the ability for soil to support [blank_start]plant growth[blank_end]. (2 words)
- Aplant growth
69True or False- The more organic material (litter and humus) there is in soil, the more fertile it is.
- ATrue
- BFalse
70True or False- Inorganic material is often not very fertile.
- ATrue
- BFalse
71Parent material is also known as [blank_start]bedrock[blank_end].
- Abedrock
72What factors affect the rate at which soil forms? Check all that apply.
- ATopography
- BTime
- CBiota
- DClimate
- EParent material
- FColor
- GTexture
73True or False- Soil horizons are layers of the soil formed from the movement of products weathering.
- ATrue
- BFalse
74The [blank_start]B[blank_end] horizon contains clay particles. The [blank_start]C[blank_end] horizon is the weathered layer of rock or sediments. The [blank_start]A[blank_end] horizon contains organic matter.
- AB
- BA
- CC
- DC
- EB
- FA
- GA
- HB
- IC
75The [blank_start]C[blank_end] horizon formed first.
- AC
- BA
- CB
76The [blank_start]A[blank_end] horizon formed second.
- AA
- BB
- CC
77The [blank_start]B[blank_end] horizon formed last.
- AB
- BA
- CC
78How do scientists classify soil types? Check all that apply.
- AClimate
- BPlants
- CSoil Composition
- DLocation
- EColor
79What is loam? Choose the best, most accurate answer.
- AGardening soil
- BA mixture of sand, silt, and clay
- CDecomposed animal material
- DDecayed twigs, leaves, and other plant material
80True or False- Biota is the organisms that live in a region that helps speed up soil formation.
- ATrue
- BFalse
81Is steep topography good for soil fertility?
- AYes
- BNo
- CThere is not enough information to determine this.
82Climate is the general [blank_start]weather[blank_end] in an area.
- Aweather
83What are 2 ways that climate is measured?
- ATemperature and amount of precipitation.
- BTemperature and wind speed
- CTemperature and natural disasters
84What element is humus especially rich in?
- AOxygen
- BCarbon
- CNitrogen
85What effects do plants' roots have on rock?
- AThey break it apart
- BThey hold it together
- CThey cause it to undergo chemical changes
- DThey don't have any effect.
86Which of the following best describes the process of weathering and erosion?
- ARapid
- BGradual
- CInsignificant
- DInstantaneous
87Which plants are usually the first to live in soil?
- ASimple plants
- BTrees
- CFlowers
88(Constructive or Destructive?)
Weathering is a [blank_start]destructive[blank_end] process. Erosion is a [blank_start]destructive[blank_end] process. Deposition is a [blank_start]constructive[blank_end] process.- Adestructive
- Bdestructive
- Cconstructive
89What is erosion?
- AThe removal of weathered material from one location to another.
- BThe breaking down of material such as rocks and rock fragments.
- CThe laying down or settling of transported material.
90What is deposition?
- AThe laying down or settling of transported material.
- BThe removal of weathered material from one location to another.
- CThe breaking down of rocks and rock fragments
91(3 points)
A [blank_start]meander[blank_end] is a C-shaped curve in a stream. A [blank_start]loess[blank_end] is a crumbly, windblown deposit of silt and clay. A [blank_start]delta[blank_end] is a large deposit of sediment where a stream enters a large body of water.- Ameander
- Bloess
- Cdelta
92(3 points) A [blank_start]V-shaped valley[blank_end] can be caused by the rushing water of a young stream. A [blank_start]dune[blank_end] is a pile of windblown sand. A [blank_start]longshore[blank_end] current flows parallel to the shoreline and erodes beaches.
- AV-shaped valley
- Bdune
- Clongshore
93(3 points)
[blank_start]Groundwater[blank_end] can cause erosion and create caves. A [blank_start]sea arch[blank_end] is formed when waves erode less-resistant rocks along the shoreline. A young stream flows rapidly downhill in mountainous areas.- AGroundwater
- Bsea arch
94(2 points)
An [blank_start]old[blank_end] stream moves slowly when it reaches flat land. A [blank_start]mature[blank_end] stream is a result of water reaching gentler slopes.- Aold
- Bmature
95[blank_start]Infiltration[blank_end] describes how quickly water flows through soil.
- AInfiltration
- BConsistency
- CFertility
96True or False- Clay-rich soils allow more water to move through than sandy soils.
- ATrue
- BFalse
97What features do land forms that are created by erosion have? Check all that apply.
- AJagged
- BFlat
- CSea cliffs
- DWide valleys
98What are beds?
- ASediment deposited in water that forms layers.
- BThe floor of a sea or ocean.
- CLayers of soil on dry land.
99Can deposition take place without erosion?
- AYes
- BNo
- CThere is not enough information to determine this.
100True or False- Weathering, erosion, and deposition form soil.
- ATrue
- BFalse
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- 8th grade Science Quiz on Science- Test 1- Soil, created by Shreya Sehgal on 16/12/2017.
- Author
- Shreya Sehgal
- Language
- English
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