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Science- Test 1- Soil

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8th grade Science Quiz on Science- Test 1- Soil, created by Shreya Sehgal on 16/12/2017.
Shreya Sehgal
Quiz by Shreya Sehgal, updated more than 1 year ago
Shreya Sehgal
Created by Shreya Sehgal over 6 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What is the term to match with this definition? The mechanical and chemical processes that change objects on Earth's surface over time. It is able to break, wear, abrade, and chemically alter rocks.
Answer
  • erosion
  • weathering
  • deposition

Question 2

Question
What is mechanical weathering? Check all that apply.
Answer
  • Physical processes naturally break rocks down
  • Rocks can be chemically altered
  • Rocks are broken down into smaller pieces called sediment

Question 3

Question
True or False- Sand, silt, and clay make up sediment.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 4

Question
What are the largest soil pieces?
Answer
  • Silt
  • Clay
  • Sand

Question 5

Question
What are the smallest soil pieces?
Answer
  • Clay
  • Sand
  • Silt

Question 6

Question
[blank_start]Sediment[blank_end] forms when weathering breaks rocks down into smaller and smaller pieces.
Answer
  • Sediment

Question 7

Question
How can changing the chemical makeup of the rock affect the rock? Check all that apply
Answer
  • Changing the chemical makeup of the rock doesn't affect it at all
  • Changing the chemical makeup often makes it easier for the rock to break down
  • Changing the chemical makeup of the rock makes it harder to break down the rock
  • Changing the chemical makeup of the rock makes the rock weaker so it will wear easier.

Question 8

Question
The chemical makeup of a rock is NOT changed by [blank_start]mechanical weathering[blank_end].
Answer
  • mechanical weathering
  • chemical weathering

Question 9

Question
The total surface are of something [blank_start]increases[blank_end] when it is broken into smaller pieces.
Answer
  • increases
  • remains the same
  • decreases

Question 10

Question
True or False- Surface are is the amount of space outside an object.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 11

Question
What are the causes of MECHANICAL weathering? Check all that apply.
Answer
  • Thermal Expansion
  • Animal Actions
  • Carbonic Acid
  • Ice Wedging
  • Water
  • Abrasion
  • Oxidation
  • Acid Rain
  • Plant Growth

Question 12

Question
What is thermal expansion?
Answer
  • The temperature of a forest fire causes nearby rocks to expand
  • The heat from fire or a hot summer day causes rocks to burn.
  • The heat from the sun causes rocks to contract and wither, breaking them.
  • The temperature of a forest fire causes rocks to crack
  • both A and D
  • both A and B

Question 13

Question
Another word for ice wedging is [blank_start]frost wedging[blank_end].
Answer
  • frost wedging

Question 14

Question
What is the process of ice wedging in order?
Answer
  • 1. Water enters cracks in rocks 2. Ice expands 3. Crack widens
  • 1. Water enters cracks in rock 2. Water freezes when the temperature drops 3. Ice expands 4. Crack widens 5. Repeated freezing and thawing eventually breaks the rock
  • 1. Ice is previously in the rock 2. Ice breaks the rock 3. Ice expands. 4. Freezing and thawing cracks the rock

Question 15

Question
What is abrasion? Check all that apply.
Answer
  • The wearing away of rock by friction or impact
  • When rocks bump into each other in a stream or by wind.
  • A mechanical process
  • None of the above
  • All of the above

Question 16

Question
Plant growth is when plants grow in a [blank_start]crack[blank_end] in the rock. The plant then absorbs [blank_start]minerals[blank_end] from the rock, making it weaker. Then, the roots of the plant get wider, pushing on either side of the crack and breaking it.
Answer
  • crack
  • minerals

Question 17

Question
What are animal actions?
Answer
  • Animals die and decay on rocks, forming organic rocks.
  • Animals burrow through rocks and break it down as they dig.
  • Animals burrowing through the ground create holes and areas where the soil can be exposed to more weathering.
  • A and B
  • B and C

Question 18

Question
True or False- The surface area of a rock is important
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 19

Question
Carbonic acid is when [blank_start]water[blank_end] reacts with carbon dioxide in the air.
Answer
  • water
  • oxygen
  • nitrogen
  • acid

Question 20

Question
What is chemical weathering?
Answer
  • Water, air, and other substances react with minerals in the rock to change the rock.
  • Chemical weathering changes the chemical composition of minerals.
  • A process that beaks down rocks into smaller pieces called sediments. These sediments are not the same chemically.
  • All of the above

Question 21

Question
True or False- Rocks weather at different rates.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 22

Question
True or False- Weathering is slow in cold, dry places.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 23

Question
What process hollows out limestone caves?
Answer
  • Mechanical weathering
  • Chemical weathering
  • Spatial Weathering
  • Cave weathering

Question 24

Question
What is weathering?
Answer
  • A shift in weather patterns
  • A process that breaks rocks down into smaller pieces
  • The process by which mountains are formed
  • A process where the seasons change

Question 25

Question
How might a weathered mountain appear different from an unweathered mountain?
Answer
  • The weathered mountain will appear rounder
  • The weathered mountain will appear taller
  • The weathered mountain would contain fewer trees
  • The weathered mountain would appear more jagged

Question 26

Question
How does mechanical weathering differ from chemical weathering?
Answer
  • Chemical weathering is a faster process than mechanical weathering.
  • Chemical weathering occurs in wet climates; Mechanical weathering occurs in dry climates.
  • Chemical weathering is more effective than mechanical weathering.
  • Chemical weathering changes the chemical composition of the rock; Mechanical weathering does not.

Question 27

Question
What might cause weathering?
Answer
  • volcanic eruptions
  • acid rain
  • violent earthquakes
  • growing plants and expanding ice

Question 28

Question
What impact does weathering have on soil formation?
Answer
  • Chemical weathering adds helpful chemicals to the soil.
  • Rocks are broken down into sediment which helps make up soil.
  • Ice wedging in mechanical weathering helps add water to the soil when the ice melts.
  • Volcanic eruptions contribute metamorphic rocks to the soil.

Question 29

Question
What type of rocks are formed by weathering? Check all that apply.
Answer
  • Igneous rocks
  • Sedimentary rocks
  • Metamorphic rocks
  • Slate

Question 30

Question
How long does the weathering process take?
Answer
  • There is not enough information to determine this
  • It varies
  • Years and years
  • 5-7 months

Question 31

Question
Carbonic acid is a mixture of..
Answer
  • water and oxygen
  • water and carbon dioxide
  • chemical pollutants and oxygen
  • carbon dioxide and acids

Question 32

Question
[blank_start]Heat[blank_end] speeds up chemical reactions
Answer
  • Heat
  • Water
  • Cold climate

Question 33

Question
Oxidation is: When [blank_start]oxygen[blank_end] combines with other elements or molecules, it causes [blank_start]chemical[blank_end] weathering to occur in a rock. When oxygen combines with iron, it forms [blank_start]iron[blank_end]-oxide. This is also know as [blank_start]rust[blank_end]!
Answer
  • oxygen
  • chemical
  • iron
  • rust

Question 34

Question
True or False- Similar rocks can weather at different rates.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 35

Question
True or False- The climate, or average weather in a region or area, doesn't affect the rate of weathering.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 36

Question
The rate of weathering depends on [blank_start]water[blank_end] and tempreture
Answer
  • water

Question 37

Question
Weathering often occurs [blank_start]fastest[blank_end] in regions near the equator
Answer
  • fastest
  • slowest

Question 38

Question
True or False-The type of rock affects the rate of weathering
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 39

Question
Which of the following is true? Choose the best answer.
Answer
  • The most easily weathered mineral determines the rate at which the entire rock weathers.
  • The mineral that is the most difficult to weather determines the rate at which the entire rock weathers.
  • The weathering rate is not affected by the minerals in the rock.

Question 40

Question
True or False- Low hardness- harder to weather
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 41

Question
The size and the [blank_start]number of holes[blank_end] in the rock affects the rate at which the rock weathers.
Answer
  • number of holes
  • shape
  • amount of dirt

Question 42

Question
Fill in the blank. ____________ in the air can react with rain to make it more acidic.
Answer
  • Nitrogen
  • Pollutants
  • Oxygen
  • Water vapor

Question 43

Question
How does chemical weathering change rock?
Answer
  • It breaks down rock into sediments.
  • It physically breaks rocks down.
  • It changes rocks through water, carbonic acid, acid rain, and oxidation.
  • Both A and C
  • None of the above

Question 44

Question
Water is known as the universal [blank_start]solvent[blank_end] since so many substances dissolve in water.
Answer
  • solvent

Question 45

Question
Carbon dioxide reacts with water in the air. It then sinks into the [blank_start]soil[blank_end] to create carbonic acid.
Answer
  • soil
  • grass
  • concrete

Question 46

Question
When pollutants enter the air and react with rain, acid rain is produced. What are some examples of pollutants? Check all that apply.
Answer
  • Oxygen
  • Volcanoes
  • Factory smoke
  • Sulfur oxides
  • Nitrogen

Question 47

Question
When oxidation occurs, the inside of the rock oxidizes the most and turns red because of it.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 48

Question
Is sand formed through mechanical or chemical weathering?
Answer
  • Mechanical
  • Chemical
  • Both
  • Neither

Question 49

Question
Is oxidation a chemical or mechanical process?
Answer
  • Chemical
  • Mechanical

Question 50

Question
How is the pH of a solution measured? (on a scale)
Answer
  • On a scale of 1-14
  • On a scale of 1-7
  • On a scale of 0-14
  • On a scale of 0-7

Question 51

Question
Which mineral dissolves most substances in chemical weathering?
Answer
  • acid
  • water
  • air

Question 52

Question
What is another way to measure pH? Check all that apply.
Answer
  • Weather it is Acidic
  • Weather it is Basic
  • Whether it is Nuetral
  • pH is only measured on a scale

Question 53

Question
What is the pH of a neutral substance?
Answer
  • 5
  • 0
  • 1
  • 14
  • 7
  • 8

Question 54

Question
What is the pH of normal rain?
Answer
  • 5
  • 6
  • 4
  • none of the above
  • 7

Question 55

Question
True or False- The pH of acid rain is 4.5.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 56

Question
True or False- Normal rain causes more chemical weathering than acid rain does.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 57

Question
Repeated freezing and [blank_start]thawing[blank_end] breaks rocks apart.
Answer
  • thawing

Question 58

Question
Which of the following causes abrasion? Check all that apply.
Answer
  • Glaciers
  • Wind
  • Waves
  • A strong current in a stream.

Question 59

Question
Choose the best, most accurate definition for soil.
Answer
  • The mixture of weathered rock, rock fragments, decayed organic material, water, and air.
  • The dirt on the ground.
  • The territory of a particular nation.
  • The brown, dirty ground on which we stand upon that farmers plant crops upon so they can grow.
  • Sand, silt, and clay.

Question 60

Question
True or False- Half or the volume of soil is solid materials.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 61

Question
What is the organic matter in soil? Choose all that apply.
Answer
  • The remains of animals
  • The remains of plants
  • Humus
  • Litter
  • Sand
  • Silt
  • Clay

Question 62

Question
What is Humus?
Answer
  • The dark organic material that forms in soil when plant and animal matter decay.
  • Leaves twigs and and other material that drops to the soil and piles up.
  • Organic matter that is very nutritious and fertile that supports plant growth.
  • A and B
  • A and C
  • B and C

Question 63

Question
True or False- Soil texture is the size of the particles.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 64

Question
The [blank_start]inorganic[blank_end] matter in soil is material that has never been alive. Examples are boulders, gravel, sand, silt, and clay.
Answer
  • inorganic
  • organic

Question 65

Question
What are pores? Choose the best answer.
Answer
  • Small openings in the skin
  • Holes and spaces in leaves and litter.
  • Holes in sand, silt, and clay where water and air can pass through

Question 66

Question
What is litter? Check all that apply.
Answer
  • Leaves and twigs that fall on soil.
  • Trash that people throw on the ground.
  • Organic, nutritious material.
  • Decomposed and decayed plant material.

Question 67

Question
Clay has [blank_start]small[blank_end] pores. Sand has [blank_start]big[blank_end] pores.
Answer
  • small
  • big
  • medium-sized
  • big
  • small
  • medium-sized

Question 68

Question
Soil fertility is the ability for soil to support [blank_start]plant growth[blank_end]. (2 words)
Answer
  • plant growth

Question 69

Question
True or False- The more organic material (litter and humus) there is in soil, the more fertile it is.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 70

Question
True or False- Inorganic material is often not very fertile.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 71

Question
Parent material is also known as [blank_start]bedrock[blank_end].
Answer
  • bedrock

Question 72

Question
What factors affect the rate at which soil forms? Check all that apply.
Answer
  • Topography
  • Time
  • Biota
  • Climate
  • Parent material
  • Color
  • Texture

Question 73

Question
True or False- Soil horizons are layers of the soil formed from the movement of products weathering.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 74

Question
The [blank_start]B[blank_end] horizon contains clay particles. The [blank_start]C[blank_end] horizon is the weathered layer of rock or sediments. The [blank_start]A[blank_end] horizon contains organic matter.
Answer
  • B
  • A
  • C
  • C
  • B
  • A
  • A
  • B
  • C

Question 75

Question
The [blank_start]C[blank_end] horizon formed first.
Answer
  • C
  • A
  • B

Question 76

Question
The [blank_start]A[blank_end] horizon formed second.
Answer
  • A
  • B
  • C

Question 77

Question
The [blank_start]B[blank_end] horizon formed last.
Answer
  • B
  • A
  • C

Question 78

Question
How do scientists classify soil types? Check all that apply.
Answer
  • Climate
  • Plants
  • Soil Composition
  • Location
  • Color

Question 79

Question
What is loam? Choose the best, most accurate answer.
Answer
  • Gardening soil
  • A mixture of sand, silt, and clay
  • Decomposed animal material
  • Decayed twigs, leaves, and other plant material

Question 80

Question
True or False- Biota is the organisms that live in a region that helps speed up soil formation.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 81

Question
Is steep topography good for soil fertility?
Answer
  • Yes
  • No
  • There is not enough information to determine this.

Question 82

Question
Climate is the general [blank_start]weather[blank_end] in an area.
Answer
  • weather

Question 83

Question
What are 2 ways that climate is measured?
Answer
  • Temperature and amount of precipitation.
  • Temperature and wind speed
  • Temperature and natural disasters

Question 84

Question
What element is humus especially rich in?
Answer
  • Oxygen
  • Carbon
  • Nitrogen

Question 85

Question
What effects do plants' roots have on rock?
Answer
  • They break it apart
  • They hold it together
  • They cause it to undergo chemical changes
  • They don't have any effect.

Question 86

Question
Which of the following best describes the process of weathering and erosion?
Answer
  • Rapid
  • Gradual
  • Insignificant
  • Instantaneous

Question 87

Question
Which plants are usually the first to live in soil?
Answer
  • Simple plants
  • Trees
  • Flowers

Question 88

Question
(Constructive or Destructive?) Weathering is a [blank_start]destructive[blank_end] process. Erosion is a [blank_start]destructive[blank_end] process. Deposition is a [blank_start]constructive[blank_end] process.
Answer
  • destructive
  • destructive
  • constructive

Question 89

Question
What is erosion?
Answer
  • The removal of weathered material from one location to another.
  • The breaking down of material such as rocks and rock fragments.
  • The laying down or settling of transported material.

Question 90

Question
What is deposition?
Answer
  • The laying down or settling of transported material.
  • The removal of weathered material from one location to another.
  • The breaking down of rocks and rock fragments

Question 91

Question
(3 points) A [blank_start]meander[blank_end] is a C-shaped curve in a stream. A [blank_start]loess[blank_end] is a crumbly, windblown deposit of silt and clay. A [blank_start]delta[blank_end] is a large deposit of sediment where a stream enters a large body of water.
Answer
  • meander
  • loess
  • delta

Question 92

Question
(3 points) A [blank_start]V-shaped valley[blank_end] can be caused by the rushing water of a young stream. A [blank_start]dune[blank_end] is a pile of windblown sand. A [blank_start]longshore[blank_end] current flows parallel to the shoreline and erodes beaches.
Answer
  • V-shaped valley
  • dune
  • longshore

Question 93

Question
(3 points) [blank_start]Groundwater[blank_end] can cause erosion and create caves. A [blank_start]sea arch[blank_end] is formed when waves erode less-resistant rocks along the shoreline. A young stream flows rapidly downhill in mountainous areas.
Answer
  • Groundwater
  • sea arch

Question 94

Question
(2 points) An [blank_start]old[blank_end] stream moves slowly when it reaches flat land. A [blank_start]mature[blank_end] stream is a result of water reaching gentler slopes.
Answer
  • old
  • mature

Question 95

Question
[blank_start]Infiltration[blank_end] describes how quickly water flows through soil.
Answer
  • Infiltration
  • Consistency
  • Fertility

Question 96

Question
True or False- Clay-rich soils allow more water to move through than sandy soils.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 97

Question
What features do land forms that are created by erosion have? Check all that apply.
Answer
  • Jagged
  • Flat
  • Sea cliffs
  • Wide valleys

Question 98

Question
What are beds?
Answer
  • Sediment deposited in water that forms layers.
  • The floor of a sea or ocean.
  • Layers of soil on dry land.

Question 99

Question
Can deposition take place without erosion?
Answer
  • Yes
  • No
  • There is not enough information to determine this.

Question 100

Question
True or False- Weathering, erosion, and deposition form soil.
Answer
  • True
  • False
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