Question 1
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Collections of axons that connect different parts of the cortex within the same hemisphere are called commissural pathways.
Question 2
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Choose the correct order of membranes that cover the surface of the brain and spinal cord, from most superficial to deep
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arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater
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dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater
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dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
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pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater
Question 3
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[blank_start]Subarachnoid hemorrhage[blank_end] occurs between the arachnoid and pial membranes, typically due to the rupture of an aneurysm
Answer
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Subdural hemorrhage
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Subarachnoid hemorrhate
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Epidural hemorrhage
Question 4
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[blank_start]Hydrocephalus[blank_end] is the result of an obstruction the the flow of cerebral spinal fluid causing enlarged ventricles
Question 5
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The cortex is uniform throughout the surface of the brain.
Question 6
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The frontal lobe is responsible for: (select all that apply)
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initiation of motor movement
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higher order language functions
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executive function
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planning movement
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processing auditory information
Question 7
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Each hemisphere of the brain processes sensory information from, and controls motor activity of
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the ipsilateral side
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the contralateral side
Question 8
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The following are perceived by the somatosensory system (select all that apply)
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pain
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vibration
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smell
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proprioception
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taste
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discriminitive touch
Question 9
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Pain is felt when [blank_start]free nerve endings[blank_end] are stimulated.
Question 10
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Meissner's corpuscles are receptors that are responsible for discriminative touch.
Question 11
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is made up of 4 levels: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral
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Contains 25 nerves
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is comprised of central white matter and peripheral gray matter
Question 12
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The spinal cord only relays all of the motor information from the brain to the body
Question 13
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[blank_start]Motor[blank_end] pathways in the spinal cord are [blank_start]two[blank_end] neuron pathways. [blank_start]Sensory[blank_end] pathways are [blank_start]three[blank_end] neuron pathways.
Question 14
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Which is true about the sensory pathways of the spinal cord
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The dorsal columns are responsible for discriminative touch, vibration, and proprioception and the lateral spinothalamic tracts are responsible for pain and temperature.
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The dorsal columns are responsible for discriminative touch, pain, and proprioception and the lateral spinothalamic tracts are responsible for vibration and touch.
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The dorsal columns are responsible for pain and vibration, and the lateral spinothalamic tracts are responsible for discriminative touch, proprioception and temperature.
Question 15
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Conscious proprioception receptors are [blank_start]muscle spindles[blank_end], [blank_start]Golgi tendon organs[blank_end], and [blank_start]Pacinian corpuscles[blank_end]
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muscle spindles
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Golgi tendon organs
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Pacinian corpuscles
Question 16
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The dorsal column pathways is a two-neuron sensory pathway
Question 17
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In the dorsal columns, the fasciculus cuneatus is laterally located and the fasciculus gracilis is medially located.
Question 18
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When do the central processes of the fibers travel within the fasciculus cuneatus
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T3 and above
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S1 and above
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C6 and above
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T6 and above
Question 19
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An easy way to remember which pathway travels to the upper and lower extremities is:
[blank_start]cuneAtus[blank_end] - Arm
[blank_start]graciLis[blank_end] - Leg
Question 20
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A lesion of the dorsal columns causes [blank_start]ipsilateral[blank_end] deficits in discriminative touch, vibration, and conscious proprioception.
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ipsilateral
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contralateral
Question 21
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A lesion involving the ascending sensory information after it has crossed in the brainstem will result in ipsilateral deficits to discriminative touch, vibration, and conscious proprioception
Question 22
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Abnormal sensory perception , such as numbness or tingling, is referred to as [blank_start]paresthesias[blank_end].
Question 23
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Sharp, localized pain is conveyed by
Question 24
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A lesion of the lateral spinothalamic tract will results in deficits in pain and temperature sensation on the [blank_start]contralateral[blank_end] side of the body below the level of the lesion.
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ipsilateral
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contralateral
Question 25
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The thalamus is the sensory relay station for virtually all incoming sensory input heading to the cortex
Question 26
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A map of the body along the surface of both the primary motor and somatosensory areas of the cortex is called a [blank_start]homunculus[blank_end].
Question 27
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On the homunculus, the largest areas (the areas of highest sensory acuity) are:
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the lips
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the face
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the fingertips
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the toes
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the hands
Question 28
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The function of the eye is to focus photons onto the retina
Question 29
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The [blank_start]fovea[blank_end] is the area of highest visual acuity.
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fovea
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macula
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retina
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pupil
Question 30
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As ambiet light increases, the pupils
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increase in circumference
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decrease in circumference
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undergo no change in circumference
Question 31
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When looking at objects off in the distance, the lens
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widens
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narrows
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stays the same
Question 32
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Rods are sensitive to both light and color.
Question 33
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after light hits the photoreceptors of the retina, the information is sent to [blank_start]retinal ganglion cells[blank_end].
Question 34
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Which three interneurons lie between the photoreceptors and the retinal ganglion cells?
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horizontal
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bipolar
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psudounipolar
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amacrine
Question 35
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What is the function or horizontal and amacrine cells?
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to receive information from the photo receptors and transmit the information onto retinal ganglion cells
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to sharpen or focus the connections between the photoreceptors, bipolar cells, and retinal ganglion cells
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to project the information to a number of nuclei in the brain
Question 36
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What is the lateral geniculate nucleus?
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the nucleus that projects axons to the occipital cortex
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the nucleus that relays information to the primary visual cortex
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the specific nucleus in the thalamus that receives information from the retinal ganglion cells
Question 37
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The [blank_start]left LGN[blank_end] receives visual input from the right visual field, and the [blank_start]right LGN[blank_end] receives visual input from the left visual field.
Question 38
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A lesion involving the LGN or occipital cortex on the right will result in
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loss of vision in the left eye
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loss of vision in the left visual field of both eyes
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loss of vision in the right eye
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loss of vision in the right visual field of both eyes
Question 39
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The retinal ganglion cells in the fovea send information about contour, contrast, edges, form, and color
Question 40
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Rods, or the retinal ganglion cells in the periphery of the retina, send information about light only.
Question 41
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A lesion involving the optic nerve results in loss of vision of [blank_start]one eye[blank_end].
Question 42
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What is visual agnosia?
Question 43
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[blank_start]Prosopagnosia[blank_end] is the inability to identify faces as a result of a lesion in the temporal lobe.
Answer
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Asterognosia
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Prosopagnosia
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Anosognosia