Quiz
Acid Base Balance
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Questions in this quiz (55)
1What is the normal pH of arterial blood?
- A7.4
- B7.9
- C8.3
- D6.5
- E4.2
2Which of these are not essentially completely ionised at neutral pH?
- Amacromolecules e.g. proteins
- Blipids
- Cwaste products
3Which of these are acid inputs in the body?
- AOxygen production
- Bcarbon dioxide production
- Cmetabolic intermediates
- Dlactic acid
- EHCO3
4What is the most important pH for the body?
- Aintracellular pH
- BExtracellular pH
- Cblood pH
- DLung pH
5how do we assess pH disorders?
- Adirectly using ECF results
- Bdirectly using ICF results
- Cinferring ICF conditions from ECF results
- Dinferring ECF conditions from ICF results
6What is intracellular pH maintained at?
- Aa pH of neutrality
- Babout 6.8 @ 37 degrees Celcius
- C7.4 pH
7What is the pH at which metabolite intermediates are all charged and trapped inside the cell?
- Athe intracellular pH of neutrality
- Bthe extracellular pH of neutrality
- Cblood pH
- Dlung pH
8what is extracellular pH?
- A0.5 to 0.6 pH units higher than intracellular pH
- B0.5 to 0.6 pH units lower than intracellular pH
- Cabout 6.8pH at 37 degrees celcius
9which of these is not a line of defense to maintain a stable intracellular pH?
- Abuffering
- BpCO2
- CAcids removal
- Daddition of bases
10Which of these regulation methods are slow?
- Abuffer system
- Brespiratory system
- Ckidney system
11buffers are solutions which can resist changes in pH when acid or alkali is added
- ATrue
- BFalse
12how much of the buffering capacity is in cells?
- A52%
- B43%
- C5%
13how much of the buffering capacity is in RBCs?
- A52%
- B43%
- C5%
14How much of the buffering capacity is in the extracellular space?
- A52%
- B43%
- C5%
15Which of these is not an important renal tubular buffer?
- APhosphate
- BAmmonia
- CProteins
16What type of buffers are proteins?
- Aimportant intracellular and plasma buffers
- Bimportant renal tubular buffers
17What is the most important buffer system in the body under normal conditions?
- Abicarbonate buffer system
- Bprotein buffer system
- Crespiratory buffer system
18Where is there a high concentration of the bicarbonate buffer system?
- AECF
- BICF
- Clungs
- Dstomach
- Eblood
19What is the bicarbonate buffer system physiologically regulated by?
- Alungs
- Bkidneys
- Cstomach
- Dblood
20What is the bicarbonate buffer system reaction catalyzed by?
- Acarbonic anhydrase
- Bbicarbonate
- CpH
- Dhydrogen ions
21[blank_start]CO2[blank_end] + H2O <--> [blank_start]H2CO3[blank_end]- <--> [blank_start]H+[blank_end] + HCO3-
- ACO2
- BH+
- CH2CO3
- DCO
- EO2
22What are the main functions of kidneys?
- Areabsorption of HCO3-
- BExcretion of H+
- Cbreakdown of RBCs
- Ddigestion
23In what part of the nephron is about 80% of the HCO3 reabsorbed?
- Aproximal tubule
- Bthick ascending loop of Henle
- Cdistal tubule
24How much HCO3 is reabsorbed in the distal tubule of the nephron?
- A80%
- B15%
- C5%
25How much HCO3 is reabsorbed in the thick ascending loop of henle?
- A80%
- B15%
- C5%
26How much of the filtered HCO3- is reabsorbed in the kidney?
- A99.9%
- B1%
- C80%
- D15%
- E5%
27How would you describe the re-absorption of HCO3- in the kidney?
- Atranscellular
- Bintracellular
- Cextracellular
28What is HCO3 reabsorption in the proximal tubule powered by?
- ANa+ gradient
- BH+ gradient
- CCalcium gradient
- Dwater movement
29What are the steps in HCO3 reabsorption in the proximal tubule?
1. Powered by [blank_start]Na+ gradient[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]Apical H+ secretion[blank_end] by the Na- H- [blank_start]antiporter[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]Secreted H+ binds to filtered HCO3-[blank_end]
4. Complex [blank_start]dissociates to CO2 and H2O[blank_end]
5. [blank_start]CO2 and H2O[blank_end] re-associate [blank_start]inside[blank_end] cell
6. Reformed [blank_start]HCO3- transported into interstitium[blank_end]- ANa+ gradient
- BApical H+ secretion
- Cantiporter
- DSecreted H+ binds to filtered HCO3-
- Edissociates to CO2 and H2O
- FCO2 and H2O
- Ginside
- HHCO3- transported into interstitium
30What are the steps in HCO3 reabsorption in the distal tubule?
1. [blank_start]Not powered by Na+ gradient[blank_end]
2. Powered by [blank_start]Apical H+ pumps[blank_end]. [blank_start]K-H-ATPase & H-ATPase[blank_end]
3. Secreted [blank_start]H+ binds to filtered HCO3-[blank_end]
4. [blank_start]Complex dissociates[blank_end] to CO2 and H2O
5. CO2 and H2O [blank_start]re-associate inside cell[blank_end]
6. Reformed HCO3- [blank_start]transported into interstitium[blank_end]- ANot powered by Na+ gradient
- Bpowered by Na+ gradient
- CApical H+ pumps
- DK-H-ATPase & H-ATPase
- EH+ binds to filtered HCO3-
- FComplex dissociates
- Gre-associate inside cell
- Htransported into interstitium
31What are the steps of H+ secretion in the distal tubule and it's relationship to phosphate?
1 Secreted H+ binds to [blank_start]phosphate[blank_end], not [blank_start]filtered HCO3[blank_end]
2. bound [blank_start]H+[blank_end] is excreted in [blank_start]urie[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]H+ secretion[blank_end] results in [blank_start]HCO3 formation[blank_end] inside the tubular cell
4. this new HCO3 is [blank_start]transported into the interstitium[blank_end]- Aphosphate
- Bfiltered HCO3
- CH+
- Durine
- EH+ secretion
- FHCO3 formation
- Gtransported into the interstitium
32How is ammonium produced?
- Aby H+ binding to ammonia
- Bsecretion in the kidney
- Cin the distal tubule
- Dconstantly, whether it is needed or not.
33What is the normal pH of plasma?
- A7.4
- B6.8
- C5.9
- D3
34Alkalosis / alkalemia is when arterial blood....
- Arises over 7.45
- Bdrops below 7.35
- Crises above 7.35
- Ddrops below 7.45
35Acidosis / acidemia is when arterial pH ....
- Adrops below 7.35
- Bdrops below 7.45
- Crises above 7.35
- Drises above 7.45
36How will the lungs compensate for too much acid?
- Aventilate more
- Bventilate less
37How will the lungs compensate for too little acid?
- Aventilate more
- Bventilate less
38Too much acid =
- Alow pH
- Bhigh pH
39CO2 is ...
- Aacidic
- Bbasic
40How do kidneys compensate for too much acid?
- Aintercalated cells will secrete more acid into tubular lumen and make NEW bicarbonate
- Bproximal convoluted cells will not reabsorb filtered bicarbonate and will eliminate it from the body
41How do the kidneys compensate for too little acid?
- Aintercalated cells will secrete more acid into tubular lumen and make NEW bicarbonate
- Bproximal convoluted cells will not reabsorb filtered bicarbonate and will eliminate it from the body
42Increased pCO2 in the respiratory system causes
- Aacidosis
- Balkalosis
43Decreased HCO3 in the metabolic system causes...
- Aacidosis
- Balkalosis
44Increased HCO3 in the metabolic system causes...
- AAcidosis
- BAlkalosis
45Decreased pCO2 in the respiratory system causes...
- AAlkalosis
- Bacidosis
46NH3 and HCO3 are produced from the amino acid glutamine when...
- Athere is a need to get rid of acid
- Bthere is a need to get rid of base
47[blank_start]Phosphate[blank_end]: important renal tubular buffer
[blank_start]HPO4-[blank_end] + [blank_start]H+[blank_end] <--> [blank_start]H2PO4[blank_end]- APhosphate
- BHPO4-
- CH+
- DH2PO4
48[blank_start]Ammonia[blank_end]: Important renal tubular buffer
[blank_start]NH3[blank_end] + [blank_start]H+[blank_end] <--> [blank_start]NH3+[blank_end]- AAmmonia
- BNH3
- CH+
- DNH3+
49[blank_start]Proteins[blank_end]: Important intracellular and plasma buffers
[blank_start]H+[blank_end] + [blank_start]Hb[blank_end] <--> [blank_start]HHb[blank_end]- AHHb
- BHb
- CH+
- DProteins
50All known [blank_start]low[blank_end] molecular weight [blank_start]water soluble[blank_end] biosynthetic intermediates possess groups that are essentially completely ionised at [blank_start]neutral[blank_end] pH.
- Alow
- Bhigh
- Cmedium
- Dwater soluble
- Efat soluble
- Fneutral
- Ghigh
- Hlow
51[blank_start]pH[blank_end]-dependent ionisation (i.e. [blank_start]charge[blank_end]) serves to an efficient [blank_start]intracellular trapping[blank_end] of [blank_start]ionised compounds[blank_end] within the [blank_start]cell[blank_end] and [blank_start]its organelles[blank_end].
- ApH
- Bcharge
- Cintracellular trapping
- Dionised compounds
- Ecell
- Fits organelles
52Which of these equations are used for the bicarbonate buffer system?
- AHenderson - hasselbalch
- Bhasselbalch - henderson
- CJackson - Bates
- DBates - Jackson
53Changes in [HCO3-] or PCO2 alter ECF pH
- ATrue
- BFalse
54[blank_start]pH[blank_end] = [blank_start]pK[blank_end] + log ( [[blank_start]HCO3[blank_end]-] / (0.03 * [blank_start]PCO2[blank_end]) ) This is the [blank_start]Henderson[blank_end] - [blank_start]Hasselbalch[blank_end] equation . The HCO3- is the [blank_start]metabolic[blank_end] component, the part with PCO2 is the [blank_start]respiratory[blank_end] component.
- APCO2
- BHCO3
- CpH
- DpK
- Emetabolic
- Frespiratory
- GHasselbalch
- HHenderson
55When there is a need to get rid of acid...
- ANH3 and HCO3 are produced from amino acid glutamine
- BThe new HCO3 is transported into the interstitium
- CNH3 diffused into tubular lumen and binds to a secreted H+
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- Description
- - Renal physiology Quiz on Acid Base Balance, created by Alannah McDonnell on 22/03/2018.
- Author
- Alannah McDonnell
- Language
- English
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