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EBP Final
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Questions in this quiz (40)
1Which of the following are the three criteria for establishing a causal relationship?
- ATemporal, ordinal, relational
- BRatio, ordinal, temporal
- CTemporal, relationship, confounders
- DConfounders, triangulation, relationship
2 Does a telephone counseling intervention for patients with breast cancer cause improvements in their psychological distress?
This is an example of a:- ATherapy question
- BPrognosis Question
- CEtiologic/harm question
3Does salt cause an increase in blood pressure?
This is an example of a:- AEtiologic/harm question
- BTherapy question
- CPrognosis question
4Do birth weights under 1,500 grams cause developmental delays in children?
This is an example of a:- ATherapy question
- BPrognosis question
- CEtiologic/harm question
5This type of design: Characterized by three properties: A. Intervention- the experimenter does something to some participants by manipulating the independent variable. B. Control- The experimenter introduces controls into the study; control group vs experimental group. C. Randomization- The experimenter assigns participants to a control or experimental group on a random basis
- AExperimental design: Randomized Control Trial (RCT)
- BQuasi-Experimental Design
- CNon-experimental study
- DDescriptive study
6Which of the following best describes a quasi-experimental design?
- ARandomized design that has a control group
- BDesign that involves an intervention but lacks randomization and may lack a control group
- CDesign that involves an intervention that lacks randomization and has a control group
- DExperiment where participants do a pre and post test
7Which of the following is true of experimental RCT's?
- AThey are the most powerful designs for testing hypotheses for cause-and-effect relationships
- BA limitation of this design is that some variables cannot be controlled or subjected to intervention
- CA limitation of this design is that some variables cannot be experimented on ethically
- DAll of the above
8What is the hawthorne effect?
- AStudy participants influencing each others results
- BLack of blinding of the experimenter leads to bias
- CThe knowledge of being in a study causes people to change their behavior, making the study less reliable
- DParticipants dropping out of the study lessens the studies effectiveness
9Design that involves collecting data over an extended period of time, and introducing the intervention during the time period. Ex: Patient safety data was collected over a 30 month period, and a nursing patient safety intervention was introduced in the 15th month.
The above example is what kind of quasi-experimental design?- ANonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design
- BOne group pretest-posttest design
- CRandomized control trial
- DTime series design
10What is the definition of internal validity?
- AThe extent to which it can be inferred that the independent variable is truly causing the outcome
- BA large sample size to ensure enough data is collected
- CThe extent to which a study aims what it is supposed to be measuring,
- DB and C
11Which of the following are threats to internal validity?
- AAmbiguity, temporal, relational, ordinal
- BTemporal ambiguity, selection, history, maturation, and mortality/attrition
- CSelection, ordinal, relational, temporal
- DOrdinal, selection, history, attrition
12An approach to exploring and understanding people’s everyday life experiences; assumes that there is an essential structure to life that can be understood.
This describes what type of qualitative research tradition?- AEthnography
- BPhenomenology
- CGrounded Theory
13This field tries to account for people’s actions from the perspective of those involved; the goal is to discover a concern or problem, and then understand the behavior designed to address it.
This describes which type of qualitative research tradition?- APhenomenology
- BEthnography
- CGrounded Theory
14Description and interpretation of a culture and cultural behavior. Typically involves extensive fieldwork on the part of the researcher, where they live among the culture and come to understand it.
This describes which type of qualitative research tradition?- AEthnography
- BPhenomenology
- CGrounded Theory
15Confidence in the truth value of the data and interpretations of them. This involves carrying out the study in a way that enhances the believability of the findings, and taking time to demonstrate this to outside readers.
This describes what type of quality criteria regarding qualitative studies?- ACredibility
- BDependability
- CConfirmability
- DAuthenticity
16Stability of data over time and conditions; will the study findings be the same if the study is repeated with similar participants under similar conditions?
This describes what type of quality criteria for qualitative studies?- ACredibility
- BDependability
- CConfirmability
- DAuthenticity
17Objectivity; two different people would agree on the data’s accuracy, relevance, and meaning.
This describes which kind of quality criteria for qualitative studies?- ADependability
- BCredibility
- CConfirmability
- DTransferability
- EAuthenticity
18The extent to which the findings can be transferred to and have applicability in other settings or groups.
This describes what kind of quality criteria for qualitative studies?- ACredibility
- BTransferability
- CDependability
- DAuthenticity
19The extent to which researchers fairly and faithfully show a range of different realities.
This describes which type of quality criteria in qualitative studies?- ADependability
- BTransferability
- CAuthenticity
- DCredibility
20What is the definition of triangulation?
- AThe use of multiple people to draw conclusions about what constitutes truth; this is used to overcome the bias of using a single observer in a study
- BThe effect on a study when multiple participants drop out at once
- CA qualitative research design that involves three separate sources
- DA quantitative design that involves three different groups
21Category or classification label only; no value or order is real or implied. Examples: Sex, ethnicity, blood type, diagnosis
- ANominal
- BOrdinal
- CRatio
- DInterval
22Scale that has no true zero point, but can rank order characteristics in a meaningful way. Example: How happy do you feel today? 1. Very Happy, 2. Happy, 3. Neither happy or unhappy, 4. Unhappy
- ANominal
- BOrdinal
- CRatio
- DInterval
23An interval scale with an absolute zero; zero being the total absence of the property being measured; Height, weight, force, ROM in degrees
- ANominal
- BOrdinal
- CRatio
- DInterval
24Same concept as ratio but lacking an absolute zero; can include negative numbers and scale origin is arbitrary. Example: thermometer, years measured in B.C. and A.D.; numbers cannot be measured against a true zero
- ANominal
- BOrdinal
- CRatio
- DInterval
25Which of the following best describes a case series/study?
- AFocus is on the story as the object of inquiry, to understand how people make sense of events in their lives
- BIn-depth investigations of a single entity or small number of entities.
- CSystematic collection and critical evaluation of data relating to past occurences
26The idea or concept underlying a research variable is best described as the?
- ATheme
- BDesign
- CConstruct
- DMethod
27A collective term that is used to refer to the mean, median, and mode is:
- AAverage
- BData
- CMeasure of central tendency
- DMeasure of Mean
28Another name for an outcome variable is a ________; while another name for the “intervention” variable is the ______variable.
- ADependent; independent
- BQualitative; Quantitative
- CIndependent; dependent
- DCorrelative; Comparison
29Which of the following are parametric variables?
- ANominal and Ordinal
- BNominal and Ratio
- CRatio and Ordinal
- DInterval and Ratio
30Description(s) which the researcher uses to define the characteristics of participants who are appropriate to bring into the study. (Examples might be age, gender, able to communicate in English, etc.)
- AExclusion criteria
- BDescriptive data
- CPopulation sample
- DInclusion criteria
31Type of statistical test used when we are comparing two groups of data from the same participants, such as before and after some kind of treatment
- AIndependent t test
- BDependent t test
- CNonparametric t test
- DOrdinal T test
32The hypothesis of a study states that children who eat a gluten-free/casein-free diet will have significantly different scores on a test of sensory reactivity than another group on a regular diet. This is an example of what type of hypothesis?
- ADirectional
- BCorrelational
- CNull
- DNon-directional
33 Assumption that there is orderly reality that can be objectively studied. It is the underlying paradigm of quantitative research
- ACorrelative Study paradigm
- BFramed paradigm
- CPositivism paradigm
- DDirectional paradigm
34The internationally recognized document that describes the principles and rights of subjects/participants in any research study, as well as the ethical implementation of all phases of research studies, is known as
- ADeclaration of Helsinki
- BNuremburg Code
- CBioethics Decree
- DInternational Research Accord
35What is the minimum p value required in experiments to prove statistical significance?
- AP= <0.05
- Bp= <.003
- Cp= <0.5
- DP=<0.04
36Which of the following is an example of a construct?
- ATotal score on a sensory processing test
- BDegrees of elbow range of motion
- CQuality of life
- DNumber of steps walked during fitness assessment
37What is a main difference between qualitative and quantitative studies?
- AQuantitative studies typically have no control group, while qualitative studies do
- BQualitative studies usually involve measurable variables like degrees of elbow ROM, while quantitative studies do not
- CQualitative studies typically involve rich descriptions of the phenomenon observed, while quantitative studies do not
- DQualitative studies typically rank highly on the levels of evidence, while quantitative studies do not
38The statement that puts forward the expected relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable within a sample of a population is termed the:
- ATheme
- BHypothesis
- CConstruct
- DVariable
39Which of the following is an example of a null hypothesis?
- AChildren who eat a high protein diet will have higher math test scores than children who eat an average diet.
- BChildren who play outside for 25 minutes a day will have significantly higher reading and verbal skills than children who do not.
- CChildren who begin on a high protein diet will not see a difference in weight gain over the six months following the diet.
- DChildren who play video games for three hours a day will have worse score on sensory processing assessments than children who only play video games for one hour a day.
40The type of quantitative research contributed the most frequently by occupational therapists and others in the rehabilitation fields is:
- AHistorical research
- Bapplied or clinical research
- Cdescriptive research
- DCase studies
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- study guide for ebp final
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- Melanie Mariani
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