Quiz
Apoptosis
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Questions in this quiz (13)
1Tissue size depends on [blank_start]mitogens[blank_end] (which induce mitosis), [blank_start]life[blank_end] [blank_start]signals[blank_end] (if cells stop receiving these their default response is death) and [blank_start]growth[blank_end] [blank_start]factors[blank_end] (which control cell size).
- Amitogens
- Blife
- Csignals
- Dgrowth
- Efactors
2[blank_start]Necrosis[blank_end] is uncontrolled cell death
[blank_start]Apoptosis[blank_end] is controlled cell death- ANecrosis
- BApoptosis
3Necrosis occurs due to p[blank_start]hysical[blank_end] or c[blank_start]hemical[blank_end] damage. The cell membrane will become [blank_start]porous[blank_end], leading to [blank_start]irreversible[blank_end] [blank_start]swelling[blank_end] due to rapid intake of [blank_start]extracellular[blank_end] fluid. It usually occurs in [blank_start]a[blank_end] [blank_start]group[blank_end] of cells. The contents of the cells will splatter, leading to [blank_start]inflammation[blank_end]. [blank_start]Chromatin[blank_end] is conserved.
- Ahysical
- Bhemical
- Cporous
- Dirreversible
- Eswelling
- Fextracellular
- Ga
- Hgroup
- Iinflammation
- JChromatin
4Apoptosis is a highly [blank_start]regulated[blank_end] process in order to eliminate unwanted cells that may be damaging to the organism. It can occur [blank_start]faster[blank_end] than necrosis. The [blank_start]cytoskeleton[blank_end] will collapse, [blank_start]DNA[blank_end] is then digested (meaning that [blank_start]chromatin[blank_end] is not conserved), this requires [blank_start]ATP[blank_end]. Apoptosis generally occurs in [blank_start]individual[blank_end] cells and will not cause [blank_start]inflammation[blank_end] as an "[blank_start]eat[blank_end] [blank_start]me[blank_end]" signal will flip from the [blank_start]inner[blank_end] [blank_start]leaflet[blank_end] to the [blank_start]outer[blank_end] [blank_start]membrane[blank_end], signalling [blank_start]phagocytes[blank_end] for digestion.
- Aregulated
- Bfaster
- Ccytoskeleton
- DDNA
- Echromatin
- FATP
- Gindividual
- Hinflammation
- Ieat
- Jme
- Kinner
- Lleaflet
- Mouter
- Nmembrane
- Ophagocytes
5[blank_start]High[blank_end] [blank_start]stable[blank_end] levels of P53 and a protein abbreviated to [blank_start]PARP[blank_end] are signals for apoptosis. PARP [blank_start]repairs[blank_end] [blank_start]DNA[blank_end] which requires energy that exhausts [blank_start]mitochondria[blank_end], whereas P53 is a [blank_start]transcription[blank_end] factor for [blank_start]P21[blank_end]. P21 is an [blank_start]inhibitor[blank_end] of G1/S CdK so the cell can't enter [blank_start]S[blank_end] phase.
- AHigh
- Bstable
- CPARP
- Drepairs
- EDNA
- Fmitochondria
- Gtranscription
- HP21
- Iinhibitor
- JS
6Procaspases proteolytic enzymes which are activated to caspases and must always come in pairs
- ATrue
- BFalse
7The [blank_start]adaptor[blank_end] domain on a caspase is also known as the CARD region, and is at the [blank_start]amino[blank_end] terminus. Whereas the [blank_start]protease[blank_end] domain is the [blank_start]carboxyl[blank_end] terminus.
- Aadaptor
- Bamino
- Cprotease
- Dcarboxyl
81. [blank_start]Initiator[blank_end] procaspase will bind an [blank_start]adaptor[blank_end] [blank_start]protein[blank_end] (which would have been activated by an extrinsic or intrinsic apoptortic signal) and as activated to a [blank_start]caspase[blank_end] due to the proximity of the a[blank_start]daptor[blank_end] d[blank_start]omains[blank_end].
2. This activation to a caspase occurs due to the [blank_start]cleavage[blank_end] of s[blank_start]mall[blank_end] and l[blank_start]arge[blank_end] subunits at specific [blank_start]aspartic[blank_end] acid points in the [blank_start]protease[blank_end] domain.
3. The activated initator caspase then activates [blank_start]executioner[blank_end] procaspases, setting off the caspase cascade. These will then go on to break down proteins of the cell.- AInitiator
- Badaptor
- Cprotein
- Dcaspase
- Edaptor
- Fomains
- Gcleavage
- Hmall
- Iarge
- Jaspartic
- Kprotease
- Lexecutioner
9A caspase is an [blank_start]active[blank_end] [blank_start]dimer[blank_end], whereas a procaspase is an [blank_start]inactive[blank_end] [blank_start]monomer[blank_end].
- Aactive
- Bdimer
- Cinactive
- Dmonomer
10Extrinsic Apoptotic Activation:
1. A [blank_start]kiler[blank_end] l[blank_start]ymphocyte[blank_end] with a bound F[blank_start]as[blank_end] l[blank_start]igand[blank_end] binds to a F[blank_start]as[blank_end] r[blank_start]eceptor[blank_end] in the p[blank_start]lasma[blank_end] m[blank_start]embrane[blank_end].
2. This causes a conformational change, activating the d[blank_start]eath[blank_end] domain which is in the [blank_start]cystolic[blank_end] end of the [blank_start]Fas[blank_end] receptor.
3. The death domain of a corresponding a[blank_start]daptor[blank_end] p[blank_start]rotein[blank_end] is recruited and bound
4. The d[blank_start]eath[blank_end] e[blank_start]ffector[blank_end] d[blank_start]omain[blank_end] then recruits and binds [blank_start]initator[blank_end] procaspases in pairs.
5. The initator capsases the activate [blank_start]executioner[blank_end] procaspases to caspases and formation of the complex known as the [blank_start]DISC[blank_end] occurs.- Akiller
- Bymphocyte
- Cas
- Digand
- Eas
- Feceptor
- Glasma
- Hembrane
- Ieath
- Jcystolic
- KFas
- Ldaptor
- Mrotein
- Neath
- Offector
- Pomain
- Qinitator
- Rexecutioner
- SDISC
11Intrinsic Apoptotic Activation
1. [blank_start]Cytochrome[blank_end]-[blank_start]C[blank_end] (an electron transport chain protein) is released from overworked [blank_start]mitochondria[blank_end].
2. [blank_start]Cyt[blank_end]-[blank_start]C[blank_end] binds an adaptor protein known as [blank_start]Apaf[blank_end]-[blank_start]1[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]Apaf[blank_end]-[blank_start]1[blank_end] then forms two [blank_start]7[blank_end] pronged [blank_start]apoptosomes[blank_end]
4. [blank_start]CARD[blank_end] region of the a[blank_start]daptor[blank_end] p[blank_start]rotein[blank_end] recruits [blank_start]initiator[blank_end] procaspases, and the caspase cascade continues.- ACytochrome
- BC
- Cmitochondria
- DCytochrome
- EC
- FApaf
- G1
- HApaf
- I1
- J7
- Kapoptosomes
- LCARD
- Mdaptor
- Nrotein
- Oinitiator
12Bcl-2 proteins are a family of proteins which regulate [blank_start]intrinsic[blank_end] activation of apoptosis. Bcl-2 is [blank_start]antiapoptotic[blank_end], whereas Bad, Bac and Bas are [blank_start]proapoptotic[blank_end] as they [blank_start]inhibit[blank_end] [blank_start]antiapoptotic[blank_end] proteins.
- Aintrinsic
- Bantiapoptotic
- Cproapoptotic
- Dinhibit
- Eantiapoptotic
13Extracellular survival factors work in two ways. They can promote a [blank_start]rescue[blank_end] protein to be [blank_start]transcribed[blank_end], for example the [blank_start]antiapoptotic[blank_end] Bcl-2. They can also [blank_start]inhibit[blank_end] d[blank_start]eath[blank_end] proteins, as the survival factor will activate a [blank_start]kinase[blank_end] which [blank_start]cleaves[blank_end] Bad, Bac or Bas so they can no longer [blank_start]inhibit[blank_end] the [blank_start]antiapoptotic[blank_end] proteins.
- Arescue
- Btranscribed
- Cantiapoptotic
- Dinhibit
- Eeath
- Fkinase
- Gcleaves
- Hinhibit
- Iantiapoptotic
Information
- Description
- Biology Quiz on Apoptosis, created by Eva Bonning on 12/04/2018.
- Author
- Eva Bonning
- Language
- English
- Views
- 8
- History
- Created on 12 Apr 2018 · updated on 17 Apr 2018
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