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GAB - Respiratory System

Description

MCQ covering the 3 respiratory lectures in the graduate accelerated course at RVC.
Marina Martins
Quiz by Marina Martins, updated more than 1 year ago
Marina Martins
Created by Marina Martins almost 6 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Tidal volume refers to
Answer
  • the volume of air in the lungs when passively breathing
  • the lung volume when inhaling to the full extent of lung capacity
  • the lung volume of maximum inhalation to maximum exhalation
  • the volume of air left in the lungs after exhaling

Question 2

Question
Which animal would have the highest tidal volume?
Answer
  • Cow
  • Horse
  • Man
  • Dog

Question 3

Question
Which animal would have the lowest respiratory frequency?
Answer
  • Dog
  • Man
  • Cow
  • Horse

Question 4

Question
All domestic species have two clearly-defined lobes in their left lung, EXCEPT for...
Answer
  • horses
  • ruminants
  • pigs
  • carnivores

Question 5

Question
Which of the following is NOT a lobe of the right lung?
Answer
  • cranial
  • middle
  • caudal
  • medial
  • accessory

Question 6

Question
Which animal(s) has its cranial lobe supplied by the tracheal bronchus?
Answer
  • Sheep
  • Cow
  • Pig
  • Horse
  • Dog

Question 7

Question
Which lung lobe lies along the ventral midline of the left and right lung?
Answer
  • cranial
  • caudal
  • medial
  • accessory
  • middle

Question 8

Question
Which pleura lines the lateral wall of the rib cage?
Answer
  • mediastinal pleura
  • diaphragmatic pleura
  • costal pleura
  • visceral pleura

Question 9

Question
Which structures are contained within the mediastinum?
Answer
  • lungs
  • thymus
  • trachea
  • heart
  • caudal vena cava
  • right phrenic nerve
  • oesophagus

Question 10

Question
Which pleura is attached to the surface of the lung?
Answer
  • pulmonary pleura
  • costal pleura
  • diaphragmatic pleura
  • mediastinal pleura

Question 11

Question
"Roaring" is usually caused by damage to which nerve?
Answer
  • Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Glossopharyngeal nerve
  • Right recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Hypoglossal nerve

Question 12

Question
Which of the following make up the conducting airways?
Answer
  • trachea
  • bronchi
  • bronchioles
  • terminal bronchioles
  • respiratory bronchioles
  • alveolar ducts
  • alveolar sacs

Question 13

Question
Gas exchange occurs in the
Answer
  • conducting airways
  • respiratory zone

Question 14

Question
Dead spaces refer to areas that are ventilated but not perfused.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 15

Question
What type of epithelium lines the trachea?
Answer
  • ciliated columnar epithelium
  • ciliated cuboidal epithelium
  • ciliated stratified squamous epitihelium
  • non-ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 16

Question
Which of the following are characteristics of the bronchus?
Answer
  • ciliated columnar epithelium
  • cuboidal epithelium
  • contains goblet cells
  • contains clara cells
  • has irregular plates of cartilage
  • has a vascular sheath known as the peribronchial

Question 17

Question
Which of the following are characteristics of bronchioles?
Answer
  • ciliated columnar epithelium
  • cuboidal epithelium
  • has goblet cells
  • has clara cells
  • has irregular plates of cartilage
  • has a vascular sheath known as the peribronchial sheath

Question 18

Question
Contraction of which structure allows for redistribution of gas in the lungs?
Answer
  • alveolar duct
  • alveolar sac
  • alveolus
  • respiratory bronchiole

Question 19

Question
What is considered the "exhcange tissue" of the lung?
Answer
  • Alveloli
  • Pneumocytes
  • Clara cells
  • Goblet cells

Question 20

Question
Connective tissue cells and fibers make up the alveolar interstitium.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 21

Question
Which of the following is a consequence of pulmonary fibrosis?
Answer
  • large deposition of collage when prevents proper inspiration
  • large deposition of fibrin
  • invasion of basophils into the alveolar spaces
  • inefficient gas exchange
  • reduced compliance

Question 22

Question
Blood in the bronchial artery drains via the
Answer
  • common capillary network
  • bronchial veins
  • azygous veins

Question 23

Question
What type of muscle surrounds the airways in the lung?
Answer
  • Smooth muscle
  • Skeletal muscle
  • Cardiac muscle

Question 24

Question
Fick's law refers to
Answer
  • how the rate of gas exchange is affected by the pressure difference, thickness and total surface area of a tissue
  • the binding affinity of oxygen and hemoglobin when related to acidity and carbon dioxide concentration
  • how the energy contraction of a cardiac muscle fiber is proportional to the initial fiber length at rest
  • how the binding of O2 to hemoglobin in the lungs causes the displacement of CO2 from hemoglobin

Question 25

Question
How would an increase in tissue thickness affect gas exchange?
Answer
  • it would decrease
  • it would increase
  • it would not change

Question 26

Question
What is the partial pressure of O2 at the arterial and venous ends of the pulmonary capillary respectively?
Answer
  • A: 40 mmHg V: 104 mmHg
  • A: 45 mmHg V: 110 mmHg
  • A: 104 mmHg V: 40 mmHg
  • A: 45 mmHg V: 40 mmHg

Question 27

Question
What is the partial pressure of CO2 at the arterial and venous ends of the pulmonary capillary?
Answer
  • A: 45 mmHg V: 40 mmHg
  • A: 40 mmHg V: 104 mmHg
  • A: 40 mmHg V: 45 mmHg
  • A: 110 mmHg V: 45 mmHg

Question 28

Question
All other factors being the same, which partial pressures would result in the slowest diffusion of O2 into the tissue?
Answer
  • Arterial blood PO2: 95 mmHg Interstitial fluid PO2: 40 mmHg
  • Arterial blood PO2: 80 mmHg Interstitial fluid PO2: 60 mmHg
  • Arterial blood PO2: 70 mmHg Interstitial fluid PO2: 20 mmHg
  • Arterial blood PO2: 120 mmHg Interstitial fluid PO2: 70 mmHg

Question 29

Question
In a normal animal, how would perfusion (Q) and ventilation (V) be affected in the lower region of the lung?
Answer
  • both Q and V would be higher but Q > V
  • both Q and V would be higher but V > Q
  • both Q and V would be equally lower
  • both Q and V would be lower but Q > V
  • both Q and V would be equally higher

Question 30

Question
In a normal animal, how would ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q) be affected in the upper zone of the lungs?
Answer
  • both Q and V would be lower but V > Q
  • both Q and V would be lower but Q > V
  • both Q and V would be higher but V > Q
  • both Q and V would be higher but Q < V
  • both Q and V would equally increase
  • both Q and V would equally decrease

Question 31

Question
In the upper zone of the lung, ventilation is better than perfusion.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 32

Question
A small degree of shunt occurs in which region of a healthy lung?
Answer
  • lower zone
  • mid zone
  • upper zone

Question 33

Question
A small degree of deadspace occurs in which region of a healthy lung?
Answer
  • lower zone
  • mid zone
  • upper zone

Question 34

Question
How would a tracheal blockage affect V/Q when compared to a normal long?
Answer
  • decreased V/Q
  • increased V/Q
  • there would be no change

Question 35

Question
A tracheal blockage would result in...
Answer
  • alveolar dead space
  • shunt

Question 36

Question
A thromboembolism would result in...
Answer
  • alveolar dead space
  • shunt

Question 37

Question
How would a thromboembolism in the pulmonary artery affect V/Q when compared to a normal long?
Answer
  • V/Q would increase
  • V/Q would decrease
  • there would be no change

Question 38

Question
How would a decrease in stroke volume affect V/Q?
Answer
  • V/Q would increase
  • V/Q would decrease
  • V/Q would be unaffected

Question 39

Question
How would a decrease in afterload affect V/Q?
Answer
  • V/Q would increase
  • V/Q would decrease
  • it would be unchanged

Question 40

Question
How does the partial pressure of oxygen affect hemoglobin-oxygen binding?
Answer
  • a high PO2 would cause O2 to bind to Hb
  • a high PO2 would cause O2 to be released from Hb
  • a low PO2 would cause O2 to be released from Hb
  • a low PO2 would cause O2 to bind to Hb

Question 41

Question
How would heavy exercise affect the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve?
Answer
  • it would shift to the right
  • it would shift to the left
  • it would be unchaged

Question 42

Question
Hemoglobin affinity for carbon monoxide is much lower than for oxygen.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 43

Question
The majority of carbon dioxide is carried as...
Answer
  • dissolved CO2
  • HbCO2
  • HCO3-

Question 44

Question
Which of the following are muscles of inspiration?
Answer
  • diaphragm
  • external intercostal muscles
  • internal intercostal muscles
  • scalene muscles
  • abdominal muscles
  • no muscles are used

Question 45

Question
Resting breathing uses which muscles for expiration?
Answer
  • no muscles are used
  • diaphragm
  • external intercostal muscles
  • scalene muscles
  • abdominal muscles
  • internal intercostal muscles

Question 46

Question
Breathing during exercise uses which muscles for expiration?
Answer
  • no muscles are used
  • diaphragm
  • external intercostal muscles
  • scalene muscles
  • abdominal muscles
  • internal intercostal muscles

Question 47

Question
How would transpulmonary pressure change during ventilation?
Answer
  • increase during inspiration and decrease during expiration
  • decrease during inspiration and increase during expiration
  • it would remain constant during both inspiration and expiration

Question 48

Question
Which animal would have more compliant lungs?
Answer
  • horse
  • dog
  • sheep
  • cat

Question 49

Question
Which of the following would cause an increase in compliance?
Answer
  • pulmonary fibrosis
  • alveolar oedema
  • pulmonary emphysema
  • increased pulmonary venous pressure

Question 50

Question
What cell type is responsible for producing pulmonary surfactant?
Answer
  • Type 1 pnuemocytes
  • Type 2 pnuemocytes
  • Clara cells
  • Goblet cells

Question 51

Question
Surface tension increases in...
Answer
  • smaller alveoli
  • larger alveoli

Question 52

Question
Acetylcholine binds to which receptor type in the lungs?
Answer
  • M1
  • M3
  • Nm
  • Nn
  • M2

Question 53

Question
Parasympathetic innervation to the lung can close which airways?
Answer
  • Bronchi
  • Trachea
  • Bronchioles

Question 54

Question
An increase of [H+] in the blood would result in...
Answer
  • increased ventilation
  • decreased ventilation

Question 55

Question
Where are peripheral chemoreceptors located?
Answer
  • ventral surface of the medulla
  • carotid artery
  • aortic artery

Question 56

Question
If the peripheral chemoreceptors detect a reduced arterial PO2, it would result in
Answer
  • an increase in breathing
  • a decrease in breathing
  • no change in breathing

Question 57

Question
Which nuclei cause contraction of the accessory muscles during exercise?
Answer
  • dorsal respiratory group
  • ventral respiratory group
  • pontine nuclei

Question 58

Question
In a normal animal, which of the following drives ventilation?
Answer
  • CO2
  • pH
  • O2

Question 59

Question
What is the primary respiratory control center?
Answer
  • medulla oblongata
  • pons
  • midbrain
  • thalamus

Question 60

Question
The activation of which neural group would result in a decrease in tidal volume?
Answer
  • pneumotaxic center in the pons
  • apneustic center in the pons
  • dorsal respiratory group in the medulla
  • ventral respiratory group in the medulla

Question 61

Question
The activation of which neural group would result in an increase in tidal volume?
Answer
  • pneumotaxic center in the pons
  • apneustic center in the pons
  • dorsal respiratory group in the medulla
  • ventral respiratory group in the medulla
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