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Chondrichthyes

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Biology (Marine Vertebrates) Quiz on Chondrichthyes, created by Jo O'Bar on 11/10/2018.
Jo O'Bar
Quiz by Jo O'Bar, updated more than 1 year ago
Jo O'Bar
Created by Jo O'Bar over 5 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Chondrichthyes are also known as...
Answer
  • cartilaginous fish
  • bony fish
  • molluscs
  • hagfish

Question 2

Question
Chondrichthyes are characterized by...
Answer
  • cartilaginous skeletons
  • teeth independent of jaw
  • no swim bladder
  • pelvic claspers
  • gill slits
  • swim bladder
  • bony skeletons
  • sharp teeth
  • no gill slits

Question 3

Question
[blank_start]Subclass holocephali[blank_end] ([blank_start]ratfishes[blank_end]) have a single gill opening, bulky head, and venomous spine in front of the dorsal fin.
Answer
  • Subclass holocephali
  • Subclass Elasmobranchii
  • ratfishes
  • guitarfish
  • sawfish

Question 4

Question
[blank_start]Chimaeriformes[blank_end]--ratfishes--deepwater, upper jaws fused to skull, opercula [blank_start]Rajiformes[blank_end]--guitarfish and skates--rajiform swimming, enlarged pectoral fins Pristiformes--[blank_start]sawfish[blank_end]--long snout with numerous teeth [blank_start]Myliobatiformes[blank_end]--sting rays, manta rays, eagle rays--swim by flapping pectoral fins
Answer
  • Chimaeriformes
  • Lamniformes
  • Hexanchiformes
  • Rajiformes
  • Torpediniformes
  • Squaliformes
  • sawfish
  • dogfish, lantern
  • angel sharks
  • Myliobatiformes
  • Squatiniformes

Question 5

Question
[blank_start]Torpediniformes[blank_end]--electric rays--produce electric discharge Hexanchiformes--[blank_start]cow sharks, frilled sharks[blank_end]--6 or 7 gill slits [blank_start]Lamniformes[blank_end]--great white, thresher, basking--two dorsal fins, 5 gill slits [blank_start]Orectolobiformes[blank_end]--whale, bamboo, nurse--two dorsal fins, small gill slits, 4th and 5th overlapping
Answer
  • Torpediniformes
  • Chimaeriformes
  • Rajiformes
  • cow sharks, frilled sharks
  • saw sharks
  • angel sharks
  • Lamniformes
  • Pristiformes
  • Squaliformes
  • Orectolobiformes
  • Carcharhiniformes
  • Myliobatiformes

Question 6

Question
[blank_start]Pristiophoriformes[blank_end]--saw sharks--lengthened snout, two dorsal fins, no anal fin Squaliformes--[blank_start]dogfish, lantern[blank_end]--two dorsal fins, no anal fin, 5 gill slits Squatiniformes--[blank_start]angel sharks[blank_end]--two dorsal fins, no anal fin, pectoral and pelvic fins broad [blank_start]Carcharhiniformes[blank_end]--hammerhead, bonnethead, blacktip reef, bull--two dorsal fins, anal fin, 5 gill slits, nictitating membrane
Answer
  • Pristiophoriformes
  • Chimaeriformes
  • Rajiformes
  • dogfish, lantern
  • guitarfish and skates
  • angel sharks
  • cow sharks, frilled sharks
  • sawfish
  • Carcharhiniformes
  • Hexanchiformes
  • Torpediniformes

Question 7

Question
Chimaeriformes, Myliobatiformes, and Lamniformes are all examples of __________ classes.
Answer
  • Elasmobranch
  • Shark
  • Olithobranch

Question 8

Question
Chondrichthyans all have enlarged lipid-filled [blank_start]livers[blank_end], used for [blank_start]buoyancy control[blank_end].
Answer
  • livers
  • swim bladders
  • stomachs
  • buoyancy control
  • energy storage
  • temperature control

Question 9

Question
Chondrichthyans use high-energy ketone bodies as metabolic substrates
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 10

Question
Chondrichthyans have low blood urea concentrations.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 11

Question
Chondrichthyans have a [blank_start]cartilaginous[blank_end] skeleton. They [blank_start]lost[blank_end] dermal bone, [blank_start]retained[blank_end] dentine.
Answer
  • cartilaginous
  • bony
  • lost
  • retained
  • retained
  • lost

Question 12

Question
Cartilage is [blank_start]less[blank_end] dense than bone, so it assists in [blank_start]buoyancy[blank_end].
Answer
  • less
  • more
  • buoyancy
  • durability

Question 13

Question
Match the organ/adaptation to its sensory application. Vision: [blank_start]Tapetum Lucidum[blank_end] Electroreception: [blank_start]Ampullae of Lorenzini[blank_end] and [blank_start]Neuromast organs[blank_end]
Answer
  • Tapetum Lucidum
  • Lateral Line
  • Ampullae of Lorenzini
  • Nictitating Membrane
  • Neuromast organs
  • Hyomandibula

Question 14

Question
Which adaptation (made of guanine crystals) increases visual acuity in twilight?
Answer
  • tapetum lucidum
  • ampullae of Lorenzini
  • nictating membrane

Question 15

Question
Chondrichthyes initially locate prey using [blank_start]olfaction[blank_end], then identify them using [blank_start]vision[blank_end], and track them during the attack using [blank_start]electroreception[blank_end].
Answer
  • olfaction
  • vision
  • electroreception
  • olfaction
  • vision
  • electroreception
  • olfaction
  • vision
  • electroreception

Question 16

Question
What is the nictating membrane?
Answer
  • An opaque eyelid to protect eye when vision is no longer the primary sensory apparatus
  • An oily membrane coating the liver to further assist in buoyancy
  • A thin membrane to protect the nostrils when olfaction is no longer the primary sensory apparatus
  • The membrane around the embryo in Chondrichthyes

Question 17

Question
What is hyostylic jaw suspension?
Answer
  • upper jaw moves independently from skull, ligaments points of articulation
  • attatched palatoquadrate to skull
  • anothe name for a protruding jaw

Question 18

Question
What are the advantages of hyostylic jaw suspension?
Answer
  • allows for greater suction
  • improved precision in feeding
  • decreases suction
  • a funny smile

Question 19

Question
What is an amphistylic jaw suspension?
Answer
  • attached palatoquadrate to skull
  • upper jaw moves independently from skull, ligaments points of articulation
  • another name for a protrusible jaw

Question 20

Question
Suction feeding:
Answer
  • muscles swing hyomandibula laterally and anteriorly
  • hyomandibular extension
  • palatoquadrate is protruded to limits of elastic ligaments on orbital processes
  • protrusion drops mouth away from head
  • dentition secialized to allow swollowing whole

Question 21

Question
Ram feeding:
Answer
  • protrusion drops mouth away from head
  • dentition specialized to allow swallowing whole
  • muscles swing hyomandibula laterally and anteriorly
  • hyomandibular extansion
  • palatoquadrate is protruded to limits of elastic ligaments on orbital processes

Question 22

Question
Chondrichthyes teeth are attached to the jaw via:
Answer
  • collagen
  • cartilage
  • crazy glue

Question 23

Question
Chondrichthyes predatory behaviors:
Answer
  • roving behavior
  • bioluminescent lures
  • sub-lethal bites
  • suction feeding
  • filter feeding

Question 24

Question
[blank_start]Roving behavior[blank_end]: swimming back and forth across prey fields ([blank_start]seal & sea lion rookeries[blank_end]) [blank_start]Bioluminescent lures[blank_end]: deep-sea sharks [blank_start]Sub-lethal bites[blank_end]: cookie-cutter sharks [blank_start]Suction feeding[blank_end]: carpet sharks, leopard sharks... [blank_start]Filter feeding[blank_end]: whale sharks, basking sharks, megamouth sharks ([blank_start]convergent evolution[blank_end])
Answer
  • Roving behavior
  • Bioluminescent lures
  • Sub-lethal bites
  • Suction feeding
  • Filter feeding
  • seal & sea lion rookeries
  • convergent evolution

Question 25

Question
Identify the specimen by common name, scientific name, and family.
Image:
Ratfish (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Spotted Ratfish
  • Hydrolagus colliei
  • Family Chimaeridae
  • Family Carcharhinidae
  • Galeocerdo cuvieri
  • Sawfish

Question 26

Question
Identify by common name, scientific name, and family.
Image:
Whale Shark (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Whale Shark
  • Family Rhincodontidae
  • Rhincodon typus
  • Family Carcharhinidae
  • Carcharhinus leucas
  • Blacktip Shark

Question 27

Question
Family Chimaeridae are characterized by:
Answer
  • single gill opening on each side
  • first dorsal fin preceded by spine
  • short rounded snout
  • long pointed caudal fin
  • humpback
  • 2 dorsal fins

Question 28

Question
Check all that apply to the Spotted Ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei)
Answer
  • long venemous spine
  • Habitat: soft bottoms to 500 fathoms
  • Diet: clams, crabs, shrimps, fishes
  • Reproduction: oviparous
  • IUCN status: Least Concern
  • IUCN status: Endangered
  • Reproduction: viviparous

Question 29

Question
Check all that apply to the whale shark (Rhincodon typus)
Answer
  • Largest fish in the world
  • Viviparous
  • Range: Circumtropical
  • Diet: plankton
  • Lunate tail
  • humpback
  • Range: Circumglobal
  • Diet: small fishes

Question 30

Question
Family Carcharhinidae are characterized by:
Answer
  • 2 dorsal fins
  • elongate caudal fin pointed upward
  • only 1 functional row of blade-like teeth at once
  • venomous spine in front of dorsal fin
  • filter feeders

Question 31

Question
Identify and check all that apply
Image:
Bull Shark (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Bull Shark
  • Carcharhinus leucas
  • inshore, no spiracle
  • IUCN status: near threatened
  • Carcharhinus limbatus
  • coastal and offshore, no spiracle, tips of pelvic fins black
  • Tiger Shark

Question 32

Question
Identify and check all that apply
Image:
Blacktip Shark (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Blacktip Shark
  • Carcharhinus limbatus
  • coastal and offshore, no spiracle, tips of pelvic fins black
  • inshore, no spiracle
  • coastal and offshore, dark spots forming bars, small spiracle
  • IUCN status: near threatened
  • Carcharhinus leucas

Question 33

Question
Identify and check all that apply.
Image:
Tiger Shark 0 (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Tiger Shark
  • Galeocerdo cuvieri
  • coastal and offshore, small spiracle, caudal peduncle with dermal reidge on each side
  • IUCN status: near threatened
  • IUCN status: endangered
  • Carcharhinus leucas
  • Bull Shark

Question 34

Question
Check all that apply to Family Sphyridae
Answer
  • Hammerhead Sharks
  • Greatly depressed and laterally expanded head
  • may have increased electrosensitivity
  • Two dorsal fins
  • upper lobe of caudal fin is elongate and pointed upward
  • Sawfishes

Question 35

Question
Identify and check all that apply
Image:
Scalloped Hammerhead (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Scalloped Hammerhead
  • Sphyrna lewini
  • anterior margin of head with median indentation
  • Habitat: near ocean surface
  • Viviparous
  • Diet: fish, squid, singrays
  • IUCN status: endangered
  • Sphyrna tiburo
  • Habitat: Shallow inshore waters

Question 36

Question
Identify and check all that apply
Image:
Sphyrna Tiburo Si2 (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Bonnethead shark
  • Sphyrna tiburo
  • Sphyrna lewini
  • Habitat: Shallow inshore waters
  • IUCN status: least concern
  • Diet: crustaceans, mollusks, fishes
  • Diet: fish, squid, stingrays
  • IUCN status: endangered

Question 37

Question
Check all that apply to Family Pristidae
Answer
  • Two well developed dorsal fins
  • Sawfish
  • Stingrays
  • Body greatly depressed
  • saw-like rostrum
  • can swim upstream to freshwater

Question 38

Question
Identify and check all that apply
Image:
Smalltooth Sawfish 1.Adapt.945.1 (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Smalltooth Sawfish
  • Pristis pectinata
  • moderately depressed body
  • Reproduction: Lecithotrophic viviparous
  • Habitat: estuaries, lower parts of rivers, shallow coastal waters
  • IUCN status: critically endangered
  • IUCN status: near threatened
  • Galeocerdo cuvieri

Question 39

Question
Check all that apply to Family Rajidae
Answer
  • Skates
  • body disc-like
  • wings shaped by pectoral fins & attatched to head
  • dorsal, anal, and caudal fins reduced
  • pectoral fins extend forward beyond mouth
  • dorsal fin absent
  • Stingrays

Question 40

Question
Identify and check all that apply
Image:
Animals Clearnoseskate Header Web (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Clearnose Skate
  • Raja eglanteria
  • sides of snout translucent, no ocellar spot, etire tail thorny
  • Diet: mollusks, crustaceans
  • Diet: polychaetes, benthic fishes
  • Habitat: shallow shores
  • IUCN status: Least Concern
  • Big Skate
  • Raja binoculata

Question 41

Question
Identify and check all that apply
Image:
Raja Binoculata Dorsal (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Big Skate
  • Raja binoculata
  • front of disc concave, ocellus on each side of disk
  • Diet: polychaetes, benthic fishes
  • Habitat: over stoft bottoms, bering sea to baja California
  • Diet: mollusks, crustaceans
  • IUCN status: Least Concern
  • Raja eglanteria
  • Clearnose Skate

Question 42

Question
Check all that apply to Family Dasyatidae
Answer
  • Skates
  • Stingrays
  • Body greatly depressed
  • tail distinct from body
  • pectoral fins extend forward beyond mouth, dorsal fin absent
  • Wings shaped by pectoral fins and attatched to head

Question 43

Question
Check all that apply to Family Myliobatidae
Answer
  • Robust body with falcate pectoral fins
  • disc wider than long
  • anterior parts of pectoral fins for 1 or 2 subrostral lobes under snout
  • anterior subdivisions of pectoral fins modified as 2 separate fins known as cephalic fins
  • posterior edges of pectoral fins are falcate
  • Eagle Rays
  • Mantas

Question 44

Question
Check all that apply to Family Mobulidae
Answer
  • Lack large tooth plates
  • anterior subdivisions of pectoral fins modifed as 2 separate fins known as cephalic fins
  • Mantas
  • Eagle Rays
  • posterior edges of pectoral fins are facate
  • anterior parts of pectoral fins form 1 or 2 subrostral lobes under snout

Question 45

Question
Many shark species show recent and rapid declines in population size.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 46

Question
Why are shark populations suceptible to rapid declines?
Answer
  • Low fecundity
  • Reproductive migratory behavior exposes sharks to human impacts
  • Apex predators are rare
  • Shark finning
  • Human fear and wanton killing
  • All of these answers are correct

Question 47

Question
Even healthy top predator populations can be small and probably even more vulerable to depletion. than previously expected
Answer
  • True
  • False
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