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Questions in this quiz (20)
11. Which statement about Piaget´s fifth sensorimotor stage (Tertiary Circular Reactions) is NOT true?
- Aa) The infants no longer make the A-not-B error.
- Bb) The infants are unable to conceive invisible displacements.
- Cc) Egocentrism is fully absent.
- Dd) The infants first accidently, but then systematically cause something to happen.
22. Which statement is true regarding Piaget’s ideas about the development of knowledge?
- Aa) Knowledge is derived from sensations or perceptions.
- Bb) Knowledge is gained from information provided by others.
- Cc) Individuals construct knowledge initially out of their own motor activity.
- Dd) None of the above answers is true.
33. What is an example of representational thinking?
- Aa) Mia is currently in her room, playing with her Barbie, thinking "this is my favourite toy".
- Bb) Mia is currently in the kitchen, thinking "what kind of utensil is this".
- Cc) Mia is currently in the grocery store, thinking "there are so many people here".
- Dd) Mia is currently at day care playing with her friends, thinking "hopefully mom will come a bit later today".
44. Piaget saw that some children attained Stage 6 of imitation some weeks before they attained the same stage in object permanence, spatial understanding, or causality. Piaget did not explain what he thought was the underlying reason for this décalage, but made a prediction. According to Piaget, the décalage is predictable ...
- Aa) if the infant is good in make-believe play with his/her parents.
- Bb) if deferred imitation can be used by the infant.
- Cc) if imitation underlies the ability to represent absent objects.
- Dd) if the mental development of the infant is synchronous.
55. Structural theories define emotions in terms of their component processes. Lewis (2000) proposed five defining characteristics for emotions. Which of these characteristics involves changes in psychophysiological activity when emotional receptors are activated?
- Aa) Emotion elicitors.
- Bb) Emotional experience.
- Cc) Emotion states.
- Dd) Emotion receptors.
66. Psychoanalytic and learning theorists interpret the onset of early smiling very differently. Which of the following statements about this fact is true?
- Aa) To learning theorists, the face becomes a conditioned elicitor of smiling; to psychoanalysts, the face is an automatic elicitor of smiling.
- Bb) To learning theorists, the face becomes an automatic elicitor of smiling; to psychoanalysts, the face is a conditioned elicitor of smiling.
- Cc) To learning theorists; the face becomes a conditioned elicitor of smiling; to psychoanalysts, the face is an unconditioned elicitor of smiling.
- Dd) To learning theorists, the face becomes an unconditioned elicitor of smiling; to psychoanalysts, the face is an automatic elicitor of smiling.
77. Which statements belong to which theories regarding emotions?
I. One characteristic of emotions is that emotions influence how people appraise and interpret events and how they organize their experiences conceptually.
II. One characteristic of emotions is emotion elicitors, internal and external events that trigger biological changes, which are the basis for emotion.- Aa) Only statement I is about functionalist theory.
- Bb) Only statement I is about structural theory.
- Cc) Statement I and II are about functionalist theory.
- Dd) Statement I and II are about structural theory.
88. A 9-months-old boy just received a new, never before seen toy from his grandparents, and was enjoying playing with it. However, he noticed his mother’s strange unpleasant reaction and instantly stopped playing. According to the findings of Hornik, Risenhoover, and Gunnar (1987), if an infant of around 8 to 9 months old is enjoying playing with a new toy and suddenly sees his mother’s strange unpleasant reaction and expression to it, he will
- Aa) start crying but after soothing will continue playing.
- Bb) not change his behavior at the moment, but later will not choose to play with this toy.
- Cc) stop playing and will not play with this toy even after mother’s expressions are neutral again.
- Dd) stop playing for a moment but continue when his mother’s reactions are neutral again.
910. Which answer is NOT one of Bornstein’s four major domains of parenting?
- Aa) Emotional caregiving
- Bb) Extradyadic caregiving
- Cc) Nuturant caregiving
- Dd) Social caregiving
1011. Which statement regarding social class and early development is incorrect?
- Aa) Lower class parents expect that their children won’t have many opportunities for self-actualization, and therefore they emphasize creativity.
- Bb) Lower class parents expect that their children won’t have many opportunities for leadership, and therefore they emphasize obedience.
- Cc) Higher class parents expect that their children will hold leadership positions, and therefore they emphasize autonomy.
- Dd) Higher class parents expect that their children will have professional responsibility, and therefore they emphasize independence.
11 12. Which of the following statements is/are true?
I. The advantage of systematic observations in naturalistic situations is that researchers can obtain objective accounts of behavior.
II. In infancy studies it is important to distinguish between performance and competence. Competence concerns what infants do under certain conditions in certain contexts.- Aa) Both statements are correct.
- Bb) Only statement I is correct.
- Cc) Only statement II is correct.
- Dd) Both statements are incorrect.
129. Which of the following statements is/ are true?
I. Specificity principle states that specific forms of parenting at specific times shape specific infant abilities in specific ways.
II. Transactional principle states that infants shape their experiences with parents just as they are shaped by those experiences.- Aa) Only statement I is true.
- Bb) Only statement II is true.
- Cc) Both statements are false.
- Dd) Both statements are true.
1313. Infants appear to...
- Aa) hear high-pitch sounds worse and low-pitch sounds better than adults.
- Bb) hear high-pitch sounds better and low-pitch sounds worse than adults.
- Cc) hear high-pitch sounds better and low-pitch sounds better than adults.
- Dd) hear high-pitch sounds worse and low-pitch sounds worse than adults.
1414. What of the following is true about competence and performance in infants?
- Aa) Performance shows the child’s potential capability to do something.
- Bb) Performance and competence are the same when measuring an infant.
- Cc) Competence is not always fully demonstrated in the performance.
- Dd) Competence can be exceeded by performance.
1515. The understanding that objects viewed from different perspectives are still the same objects is called ________ and has been observed in infants as young as ___________.
- Aa) viewpoint invariance, 6 months old.
- Bb) habituation, 6 months old.
- Cc) habituation, 3 months old.
- Dd) viewpoint invariance, 3 months old.
1616. Which of the following cues is not monocular information?
- Aa) Texture Gradients
- Bb) Shading
- Cc) Interposition
- Dd) Motion parallax
1717. Which behavior system mediates contact with the physical or nonsocial environment?
- Aa) Attachment behavior system
- Bb) Fear/wariness system
- Cc) Affiliative system
- Dd) Exploratory behavior system
1818. Infants who are distressed by their parent’s absence, but behave ambivalently on reunion, both seeking contact and interaction, and angrily rejecting it when it is offered, have
- Aa) an insecure-resistant attachment.
- Bb) a secure attachment.
- Cc) a disorganized attachment.
- Dd) an insecure-avoidant attachment.
1919. From repeated experiences in face-to-face play and distress-relief sequences, Kim just learned the rules of reciprocity, trust, and effectance. According to Bowlby, in what phase is she most likely?
- Aa) The newborn phase of indiscriminate social responsiveness (months 1 to 2)
- Bb) Discriminating sociability (months 2 to 7)
- Cc) attachments (month 7 through the second year)
- Dd) goal-corrected partnership (year 3 on)
2020. Jay and her child take part in a parent-child study during which both get assessed in regards to their relationship with each other. In the Adult Attachment Interview, Jay becomes visibly angry and upset when talking about her complicated and conflict-laden relationship with her parents. Into which adult attachment grouping would Jay most likely be sorted and which infant-parent attachment can be predicted for her child?
- Aa) Dismissing parent, insecure-avoidant child
- Bb) Autonomous parent, securely attached child
- Cc) Unresolved parent, insecure-disorganized child
- Dd) Preoccupied parent, insecure-resistant child
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- Quiz on Early, created by Eefje Jongstra on 05/04/2019.
- Author
- Eefje Jongstra
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- English
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