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History Final

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Quiz on History Final, created by mxtthealy on 08/12/2014.
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Quiz by mxtthealy, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by mxtthealy over 9 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
McCarthyism primarily and fundamentally reflected
Answer
  • fears of Soviet attack.
  • hostility to the Truman administration for firing General MacArthur.
  • the fears and hatreds of many Americans, who were suspicious of things foreign, liberal, internationalist, European, or intellectual.
  • the threat that Communist-led insurgencies would overthrow the pro-Western governments in developing countries in Asia.

Question 2

Question
All of the following offered, directly or implicitly, conscious dissent from the consensus-oriented, organizational culture of the 1950s EXCEPT
Answer
  • the beats.
  • rock and roll.
  • the TV preachers.
  • teen culture.

Question 3

Question
What event was Khrushchev speaking of when he said the world had come close to "destroying the human race"?
Answer
  • the construction of the Berlin Wall
  • the Cuban missile crisis
  • the U-2 shoot-down over the USSR
  • the Bay of Pigs invasion

Question 4

Question
America's basic cold war strategy emerged when the Truman administration adopted the recommendations of U.S. diplomat and Soviet specialist George Kennan. This strategy is known as the
Answer
  • counterinsurgency strategy.
  • containment doctrine.
  • appeasement policy.
  • anticommunist crusade.

Question 5

Question
Modern Republicanism in practice meant
Answer
  • support of a universal health care plan.
  • selective cutbacks in New Deal programs like farm price supports.
  • fiscal conservatism.
  • significant hikes in military spending.

Question 6

Question
Which statement about what might be termed the "second Red scare" after World War II is true?
Answer
  • The administration, the House of Representatives, and the Senate all conducted probes of possible subversive activity.
  • With Truman's blessing, the McCarran Act of 1950 was passed, requiring all Communists to register with the attorney General.
  • American fears of Communist subversion eased once the Truman administration set up an internal loyalty program.
  • Rooted in fears of a Soviet invasion, it essentially began as a reaction to revelations that the Russians had the bomb.

Question 7

Question
Which stereotype of women was most common in the 1950s?
Answer
  • domestic and motherly
  • an equal partner in American democracy
  • independent and career-oriented
  • genteel and cultured

Question 8

Question
Just before leaving office in 1961, President Eisenhower warned Americans of the
Answer
  • growing Russian hostility toward China.
  • risks of a "missile gap."
  • threat from internal Communist agents.
  • dangers of the military-industrial complex.

Question 9

Question
Several factors explain the rise of the cold war. Which of the following does NOT describe these factors?
Answer
  • ideological: both Soviet communism and the "American dream" represented ends and means that the other side hated
  • historic: the Soviets remembered earlier invasions; the Americans remembered the prewar Nazi-Soviet pact
  • economic: both the U.S. and USSR were economically devastated after World War II
  • geopolitical: the Truman administration harbored suspicions about Soviet designs on its neighbors

Question 10

Question
All of the following contributed to the explosive growth of suburbs EXCEPT
Answer
  • the automobile, which made the suburbs accessible.
  • the return of prosperity, which led to the baby boom.
  • television, which drew Americans toward the centers of cities.
  • the baby boom, which created a need for housing.

Question 11

Question
What geographic reorientation of popular culture had occurred by the later 1960s?
Answer
  • the rise of the West Coast as trend-setter
  • a return to the southern roots of both black rhythm and blues and white rock ‘n' roll
  • the shift from rural to urban settings in television shows
  • the rise of the "Big Apple" (New York City) as the center of the recording and film industries

Question 12

Question
What event, more than any other, catapulted Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. to national prominence?
Answer
  • the Montgomery bus boycott
  • being jailed in Birmingham
  • his embrace of pacifism and nonviolence
  • the "I have a dream" speech

Question 13

Question
Which of the following civil rights organizations effectively used the nation's judicial system to implement lasting change in America?
Answer
  • Black Panthers
  • NAACP
  • SNCC
  • CORE

Question 14

Question
How did Arkansas Gov. Orval Faubus respond to federal troops taking control of the National Guard for a year following the mob protests against the Little Rock Nine?
Answer
  • He urged the white community of Little Rock to be reasonable.
  • He closed all schools in Little Rock to prevent desegregation.
  • He took the leadership in the desegregation effort and met the Little Rock Nine.
  • He negotiated a gradual desegregation with President Eisenhower.

Question 15

Question
Which of the following musicians transformed himself from the quintessential folk protest artist into a major force in American rock music?
Answer
  • Jerry Garcia
  • Buddy Holly
  • Elvis Presley
  • Bob Dylan

Question 16

Question
Martin Luther King, Jr. rose to leadership in the civil rights movement during the 1950s. His strategies, different from those of the recent past, would become the primary techniques of the civil rights movement into the 1960s. What is the most accurate summary of this transition in the movement?
Answer
  • King proposed nonviolent confrontation rather than the NAACP's strategy of legal challenges to segregation in the courts.
  • Direct and often violent confrontation replaced nonviolent passive resistance.
  • King's rhetorical skills on TV, rather than organized action, caught the nation's attention.
  • King appealed directly to President Eisenhower to lend his support to efforts to speed up desegregation.

Question 17

Question
All of the following were elements of Johnson's "Great Society" programs EXCEPT
Answer
  • a health insurance program for the elderly.
  • a medical care program for the poor.
  • an anti-poverty program.
  • a funding program to return tax revenues to states.

Question 18

Question
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 did all of the following except
Answer
  • strike down literacy tests used to block blacks at the polls.
  • bar discrimination in public accommodations.
  • prohibit employers from discriminating by race.
  • prohibit employers from discriminating by sex.

Question 19

Question
The case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka concerned
Answer
  • equal access to schools.
  • racial segregation in public schools.
  • federal aid to education.
  • prayer in public schools.

Question 20

Question
Which of the following presented the most divisive issue the Kennedy administration had to face?
Answer
  • labor union activism
  • class divisions in America
  • the civil rights movement
  • the war in Vietnam

Question 21

Question
The term "Vietnamization" refers to the policy of
Answer
  • countering antiwar propaganda with a campaign to tell the "real story" in Vietnam.
  • training United States troops in the "Nine Rules" for understanding Vietnamese culture.
  • shifting the burden of actual combat to the South Vietnamese.
  • shifting U.S. military operations from conventional tactics to guerrilla-type combat like that of the Viet Cong.

Question 22

Question
Which of the following Supreme Court decisions struck down 46 state laws that restricted a woman's access to abortion?
Answer
  • Jones v. Schafly
  • Steinam v. United States
  • Roe v. Wade
  • Plessy v. Ferguson

Question 23

Question
Richard Nixon is best described as a(n)
Answer
  • ideologue, whose rigidly anti-Communist instincts led him to stand firm against the Soviets.
  • cold war liberal, committed equally to containment of Communism abroad and an active federal welfare program at home.
  • pragmatist, who deviated from his own earlier positions in both foreign and domestic policy.
  • extremist, who deliberately and scornfully criticized hippies and antiwar protesters.

Question 24

Question
Why couldn't America's superior technology prevail in Vietnam?
Answer
  • Technology did not distinguish friend from foe.
  • The U.S. never exploited its technological advantages.
  • Politicians and the media refused to let the military use its technology effectively.
  • The Vietnamese peasants were more influenced by the terrorist attacks of the Vietcong than the incomprehensible machines of the Americans.

Question 25

Question
The Gulf of Tonkin resolution, as passed by
Answer
  • the UN General Assembly, condemned U.S. aggression against the people of Vietnam.
  • the UN Security Council, called for both U.S. and North Vietnamese forces to withdraw from South Vietnam.
  • Congress, authorized President Johnson to take all necessary measures to repel attacks on U.S. forces.
  • Congress, blocked further commitment of U.S. ground troops without congressional approval.

Question 26

Question
Gays achieved a major symbolic victory in 1974 when the ________ removed homosexuality from its list of mental disorders.
Answer
  • Association of American Psychiatrists
  • American Psychological Association
  • American Psychiatric Association
  • American Medical Association

Question 27

Question
How did the United Farm Workers under Cesar Chavez accomplish additional leverage in their protest against working conditions for migrant laborers?
Answer
  • They aligned with anti-colonial movements in South Asia.
  • They conducted a public march in California's Central Valley.
  • They recruited Robert F. Kennedy for their cause.
  • They organized a consumer boycott of grapes in supermarkets.

Question 28

Question
Which of the following was NOT one of the three articles of impeachment adopted by the House Judiciary Committee regarding Nixon?
Answer
  • obstruction of justice
  • lying under oath
  • abuse of constitutional authority
  • improper use of federal agencies to harass citizens

Question 29

Question
How did U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War finally end?
Answer
  • with an international peace conference after the defeat of a large U.S. force
  • with the negotiated withdrawal of U.S. troops according to a treaty with South Vietnam
  • with the unilateral withdrawal of U.S. troops
  • with the negotiated withdrawal of U.S. troops according to a treaty with North Vietnam

Question 30

Question
All of the following "traumas" occurred in 1968 EXCEPT
Answer
  • the assassinations of Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr.
  • the first big urban race riot in Watts.
  • the Tet offensive in Vietnam.
  • confrontation in the streets during the Democratic convention.

Question 31

Question
What was NOT a principle or strategy that unified the diverse group known as isolationists?
Answer
  • support for the Lend-Lease Act
  • opposition to political commitments to other nations
  • opposition to war
  • support for the Neutrality Acts

Question 32

Question
Concerning the background to the Pearl Harbor attack, which of the following statements is true?
Answer
  • The text ultimately explains the coming of war with Japan by showing how each side came to understand the other's intentions.
  • Clear evidence now exists that President Franklin Roosevelt knew about and even encouraged the Japanese to attack Pearl Harbor in 1941.
  • Before Pearl Harbor, the U.S. provided substantial military aid to the British and Russians.
  • Right up until the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt was one of the country's most outspoken isolationists.

Question 33

Question
After Allied forces in North Africa were halted at the Kasserine Pass, which general regrouped them and masterminded an impressive string of victories?
Answer
  • Montgomery
  • Rommel
  • Eisenhower
  • Patton

Question 34

Question
The neutrality legislation of the 1930s was based on the assumption that the United States could keep out of war by
Answer
  • banning arms sales to countries at war.
  • ending its own depression.
  • staying out of the League of Nations.
  • granting independence to all American foreign possessions.

Question 35

Question
The first city attacked with atomic weapons was
Answer
  • Edo.
  • Hiroshima.
  • Nagasaki.
  • Tokyo.

Question 36

Question
Which statement regarding the "miracle" of war production is most accurate?
Answer
  • War production rested on the conversion of peacetime industries, so overall economic output grew very little.
  • Both corporate profits and personal incomes rose, though more-flexible smaller firms and wealthier individuals gained the most.
  • Worker productivity increased, due more to new job opportunities after a long depression than to any commitment to the war effort.
  • U.S. achievements in war production proved as important to the Allied victory as success on the battlefield.

Question 37

Question
The war aims of the Allies were articulated before U.S. entry into the war, in the so-called Atlantic Charter. This document included all of the following EXCEPT
Answer
  • a call for a new association of nations.
  • a commitment to the "Four Freedoms."
  • the combined approval of Churchill and Roosevelt.
  • a condemnation of Nazism.

Question 38

Question
Each of the following was a component of U.S. diplomacy between the world wars EXCEPT
Answer
  • joining collective efforts to block German and Japanese aggression.
  • reaction to a Japanese takeover of Manchuria with nothing more than refusal to recognize an act that violated international agreements or open-door principles.
  • becoming a good neighbor to Latin America by using economic influence rather than military intervention.
  • renouncing collective action and declining to act as a world leader.

Question 39

Question
What government body was created to help implement Executive Order 8802, which forbade discrimination by race in hiring government and defense industry workers?
Answer
  • Fair Employment Practices Committee
  • Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
  • Equal Opportunity Bureau
  • Fair Practices Commission

Question 40

Question
Which of the following does NOT describe an aspect of the impact of World War II on American society?
Answer
  • It brought recovery from the stagnation and unemployment of the Great Depression.
  • Military life served as a melting pot, as well as taking Americans far from home.
  • Women found new economic opportunities despite little change in gender attitudes.
  • Women and minorities felt resentment at being barred from military service.

Question 41

Question
What is meant by "supply-side economics"—the new Reagan approach to economic policy in the early 1980s?
Answer
  • cutting back welfare and other programs for the poor, to force them to provide for their own needs
  • keeping interest rates high to increase the money supply
  • the attempt to increase domestic oil supplies
  • encouraging, through tax cuts, private sector investment that would create new jobs, thus promoting economic growth and increasing net tax revenues

Question 42

Question
The Reagan administration focused on three priorities in foreign policy. Which of the following accurately states an initiative in one of the three areas?
Answer
  • Soviet Union: both a sharp military build-up and a new arms control treaty
  • Far East: public rhetoric critical of China's suppression of democratic reform
  • Middle East: successful retaliation against Libya and Lebanon for terrorist attacks
  • Central America: an invasion of Panama to rescue American students and prevent a Marxist takeover

Question 43

Question
In the case of Bakke v. Regents of the University of California (1978), the Supreme Court ruled that
Answer
  • busing was unconstitutional and harmful to children.
  • abortion was a constitutional right of privacy.
  • affirmative action was unlawful and against the free market.
  • racial quotas in college admissions were unlawful.

Question 44

Question
Which statement best explains Bill Clinton's victory in 1992?
Answer
  • Middle-of-the-road voters turned to Clinton, who painted himself as a moderate.
  • Worried about growing instability around the world, voters opted for the candidate with experience in foreign affairs.
  • Voters, in an upbeat mood, rejected the sour criticisms of Bush and Perot and embraced Clinton's optimistic vision for change.
  • As a southerner and liberal, Clinton rebuilt the traditional Democratic coalition and won a solid majority of both popular and electoral votes.

Question 45

Question
The Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982
Answer
  • was unsuccessful, as the predictions of booming tax revenues did not materialize.
  • fostered a continuing recession, rising interest rates, and a mounting federal deficit.
  • helped reform Social Security.
  • included a $98 billion tax increase.

Question 46

Question
How was the scandal known as "Irangate" different from the "Watergate" scandal of the Nixon administration?
Answer
  • Reagan was kept in the dark; Nixon was kept in the loop.
  • Unelected individuals were in control; Nixon was in control.
  • There was little support to impeach Reagan.
  • All these answers are correct.

Question 47

Question
Ronald Reagan came into office in 1981 with a threefold agenda, including all of the following EXCEPT
Answer
  • reduction in the power and activism of the presidency.
  • deregulation of the economy.
  • reduction in spending for social programs.
  • tax cuts.

Question 48

Question
In the 1980s, with health care costs skyrocketing, a deadly new disease threatened to take on epidemic proportions. In this disease,
Answer
  • organic poisons were transmitted by the needles of drug users.
  • leaking nuclear radiation caused incurable brain cancers.
  • a parasite was transmitted in polluted streams.
  • a virus broke down the human immune system.

Question 49

Question
The chapter introduction tells the story of San Diego's Horton Plaza to make the point that
Answer
  • malls, as centers of consumer culture, symbolized the private quest for personal fulfillment typical of the 1980s.
  • religious activists began to relocate Sunday services from traditional churches to the new retail malls.
  • Ronald Reagan's successful presidential campaign focused on California-style shopping malls.
  • malls like Horton Plaza caused the decline of downtown business districts.

Question 50

Question
President Carter announced the United States would boycott the Olympics in 1980 in response to what world event?
Answer
  • the death of eight Marines in Iran
  • the Islamic rebellion in Afghanistan
  • OPEC oil price increases that drove up inflation to nearly 14 percent
  • the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
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