19730795
Question 1
Question
Age related changes to cognitive function:
- Declining performance of: [blank_start]speed[blank_end] of processing, working memory, [blank_start]long[blank_end]-term memory
- Preserved performance of: [blank_start]world knowledge[blank_end]
Mild cognitive impairment affects 10-20% of people >[blank_start]65[blank_end] years, and affects [blank_start]men[blank_end] more than women. It is associated with [blank_start]depression[blank_end], polypharmacy, and uncontrolled [blank_start]CV[blank_end] risk factors.
Answer
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speed
-
long
-
world knowledge
-
65
-
men
-
depression
-
CV
Question 2
Question
Which of these is not a symptom of mild cognitive impairment? (MCI)
Answer
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Diffiuclty in decision making
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Poor concentration
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Diffiuclty in abstract thinking
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Difficulty in finding the right word
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Neglect of hygiene and/or nutrition
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More impulsive
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Easily distracted
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Forget important events
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Mood fluctuations
Question 3
Question
Which of these is not a cognition enhancing drug?
Answer
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Caffeine
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Nicotine
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Amphetamines
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Cannabinoids
Question 4
Question
Treatment options are related to neurotransmitters in the brain regions controlling learning and memory, and temporarily improve dementia symptoms.
[blank_start]Cholinesterase[blank_end] inhibitors:
- E.g. donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine
• For [blank_start]mild[blank_end]-moderate cognitive symptoms
• SEs: [blank_start]Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea,[blank_end] dyspepsia; urinary incontinence; dizziness
• Serious SEs: [blank_start]heart[blank_end] block and sinus [blank_start]bradycardia[blank_end]
[blank_start]Glutamate antagonist[blank_end] ie Memantine
• Moderate-[blank_start]severe[blank_end] cognitive symptoms OR when cholinesterase inhibitors [blank_start]contraindicated[blank_end]
• SEs: c[blank_start]onstipation, hypertension, dyspnoea,[blank_end] headache, dizziness, drowsiness
Answer
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Cholinesterase
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Glutamate antagonist
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mild
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Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea,
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heart
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bradycardia
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severe
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contraindicated
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onstipation, hypertension, dyspnoea,
Question 5
Question
Nootropics or ‘smart drugs’:
1. [blank_start]Methylphenidate[blank_end]
• Rx: narcoplepsy, ADHD, ADD
• Blocks DA reuptake
2. [blank_start]Modafinil[blank_end]
• Rx: narcolepsy
• Mechanisms unclear (wake promoting neurons in tuberomammillary nucleus, DAT)
3. [blank_start]Piracetam[blank_end]
• Rx: essential tremor (section 29)
• Facilitates cholinergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic neurotransmission
Long term side effects are unclear.
Short term:
[blank_start]headache, dizziness, nausea[blank_end], [blank_start]psychiatric[blank_end] disorders, [blank_start]cardiovascular[blank_end] symptoms
Answer
-
Methylphenidate
-
Modafinil
-
Piracetam
-
psychiatric
-
headache, dizziness, nausea
-
cardiovascular
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