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Questions in this quiz (150)
1Which of the following is the first step of the performance-management process in a typical organization?
- ASetting up a meeting with each employee
- BEstablishing and communicating performance standards
- CEstablishing job duties
- DInspecting performance
2Performance appraisals cannot accomplish their goals if:
- Amanagers and employees do not use the same set of standards to rate performance.
- Bthere are no false negative or false positive errors in the selection process.
- Cappraisals are not done on the anniversary date of each individual employee's hiring.
- Dappraisals are conducted for less than thirty employees at a time.
3Which of the following is an example of a special program in career counseling?
- AA conference
organized
by an investment firm about new banking solutions and potential career opportunities for its executives - BA session conducted for the benefit of employees belonging to minority groups to integrate them into the daily activities of the firm
- CA workshop conducted by a software development firm to update all its employees on the latest developments in the field of information technology
- DA one-on-one interaction between an employee and his supervisor to discuss the employee's performance in the last fiscal quarter
- AA conference
4Most companies with a reputation to be great places to work:
- Aprevent employees from reaching the disengagement stage of their careers.
- Bencourage voluntary retirements.
- Chave formal career-planning systems for their managers.
- Duse the forced-distribution method for appraising performance.
5Which of the following rating errors occurs when a manager gives low ratings to all employees by holding them to an unreasonably high standard?
- AA severity error
- BA halo error
- CA horns error
- DA leniency error
6A performance-appraisal system that is used only for providing feedback:
- Ais subject to false negative and false positive errors.
- Bis objective, and its results are not to be disclosed to the top management of the organization.
- Cis not subject to the same legal requirements as those systems that are used for promotion decisions.
- Dis required to demonstrate that the ratings provided are in areas that are job related.
7Organizational citizenship behaviors are behaviors associated with _____.
- Acareer planning
- Bjob embeddedness
- Ccareer counseling
- Dcontextual performance
8The _____ of performance appraisal involves contrasting each individual employee with every other individual employee, two at a time.
- Apaired-comparison method
- Bfactor-comparison method
- Ccritical incident method
- Dforced-distribution method
9Katy, a manager, is evaluating her team members by rating them from best to worst. This rating is based on their overall performance. Which of the following performance-appraisal methods is Katy using in the given scenario?
- AThe simple ranking method
- BThe factor-comparison method
- CThe critical incident method
- DThe forced-distribution method
10Xavier, a sales manager, set extremely high daily sales targets for his subordinates. As only three of his subordinates were able to meet those targets, he gave poor ratings to all subordinates, including those who achieved the targets, in their performance appraisals. Which of the following errors did Xavier make?
- AA severity error
- BA halo error
- CA horns error
- DA leniency error
11The goal of performance management is:
- Ato formally evaluate the performance of employees.
- Bto teach employees new skills that will be useful for the organization in the future.
- Cto prevent employees from reaching the disengagement stage of their careers.
- Dto improve employee performance.
12_____ is the traditional career stage that involves identifying interests and opportunities.
- AExploration
- BEstablishment
- CMaintenance
- DDisengagement
13In the context of performance appraisals, a _____ occurs when a rater tends to use only one part of a rating scale.
- Adistributional error
- Bcontrast error
- Chalo error
- Dhorns error
14Which of the following statements is true of performance management?
- AIt prevents employees from reaching the disengagement stage of their careers.
- BIt aims to promote ethnocentric behavior in the workplace.
- CIt is the ultimate goal of performance-appraisal activities.
- DIt is a more specific process than performance appraisal.
15A disadvantage of using peers as a source of information for performance appraisals is that:
- Athey might be competing with a given worker for a promotion, which may affect their motivation to be accurate in their peer evaluations.
- Bthey do not have expert knowledge of job content.
- Cthey have less opportunities than the supervisor to observe the performance of a given worker on a day-to-day basis.
- Dthey do not understand their limitations regarding performance.
16Individuals are more likely to retire when:
- Athey reach the establishment stage of their careers.
- Bthey face gender and racial discrimination at work.
- Ctheir work is part time.
- Dtheir spouses have retired.
17The _____ of the traditional career model involves creating a meaningful and relevant role in the organization.
- Amaintenance stage
- Bdisengagement stage
- Cestablishment stage
- Dexploration stage
18Which of the following statements is a disadvantage of ranking methods for performance appraisals?
- AThey provide no information about the difference between the persons ranked first and second.
- BThey are complex and difficult to implement.
- CThey do not result in a normal distribution of performance ratings.
- DThey require raters to keep a log to record critical incidents that reflect good and bad performance on the part of individual employees.
19Which of the following is a difference between the establishment and the maintenance stages of a traditional career?
- AThe establishment stage consists of individuals aged between late teens and late twenties, whereas the maintenance stage consists of individuals aged between late sixties and early seventies.
- BIn the establishment stage, individuals begin to create a relevant role for themselves in the firm, whereas in the maintenance stage, individuals reach a level in the firm that optimizes their talents.
- CIn the establishment stage, individuals gradually lose interest in their work, whereas in the maintenance stage, individuals find that the coursework of their field is of interest to them.
- DThe establishment stage is the first stage of a traditional career, whereas the maintenance stage is the fourth stage of a traditional career.
20Which of the following statements is true of the goals set under the management-by-objectives (MBO) system of performance appraisal?
- AThey are qualitative and difficult to measure.
- BThey are almost always written down.
- CThey are subjective in nature.
- DThey are the same as the objectives of the organization.
21_____ is an approach that attempts to emphasize for managers the fact that performance is multidimensional in nature and to teach those managers about the actual content of various performance dimensions.
- AContextual performance
- BFrame of reference training
- CThe critical incident method
- DThe forced-distribution method
22Which of the following is a difference between a halo error and a horns error?
- AA halo error is the opposite of a distributional error, whereas a horns error is the opposite of a contrast error.
- BA halo error occurs when all aspects of an employee's performance are rated positively, whereas a horns error occurs when all aspects of an employee's performance are downgraded.
- CA halo error is a performance selection error, whereas a horns error is a performance rating error.
- DA halo error occurs when people are compared against one another instead of against an objective standard, whereas a horns error occurs when a rater tends to use only one part of a rating scale.
23_____ is the set of experiences and activities that people engage in related to their job and livelihood over the course of their working life.
- AAn appraisal
- BContextual performance
- CExploration
- DA career
24Which of the following statements is true of rating performance based on outcomes?
- AIt emphasizes subjective measures of performance.
- BIt focuses on highlighting only the positive aspects of the performance of employees.
- CThe goals set for employees are ambiguous and difficult to quantify.
- DFeedback is relatively straightforward and easy to interpret.
25Which of the following is the first step in effective career planning?
- ACommunication
- BIndividual assessment
- CCareer counseling
- DPerformance management
26Several firms have claimed to have dropped performance appraisals completely and focused entirely upon performance management. Much of this reaction stems from the use of the _____ for appraising performance.
- Aforced-distribution method
- Bgraphic rating scale
- Cgoal-based system
- Dmanagement-by-objectives system
27Which of the following is a similarity between a behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS) and a behavioral observation scale (BOS)?
- ABoth are cheap to develop.
- BBoth involve grouping employees into predefined frequencies of performance ratings.
- CBoth are developed from critical incidents.
- DBoth allow managers to rate the frequency with which each employee has exhibited effective and ineffective behaviors during the rating period.
28Which of the following is a step in career planning where an organization integrates its performance-management system with its career-management system?
- AIndividual assessment
- BCareer counseling
- COrganizational specification of career paths
- DCommunication
29Which of the following is an advantage of a behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS) system?
- AIt dramatically increases reliability by providing specific behavioral examples to reflect effective and less effective behaviors.
- BIt can be developed quickly and easily.
- CIt allows managers to rate the frequency with which individual employees have exhibited specific behaviors during the rating period.
- DIt is cheap to develop.
30The following item appears on an employee evaluation form of an organization:
How does the employee react when faced with challenging tasks?
1 = Gets nervous and asks the supervisor for help
2 = Looks into the problem and asks peers for solutions
3 = Makes a list of possible solutions and shows them to the supervisor
4 = Comes up with innovative solutions on his own and fixes the problem within time
Which of the following methods of performance appraisal is the organization using?- AThe management-by-objectives system
- BThe paired-comparison method
- CA Likert scale
- DA behaviorally anchored rating scale
31The performance-appraisal process at Lorenzo Inc. requires a manager to evaluate organizational citizenship behaviors, such as volunteering for unpleasant tasks and integrating new employees into the team, and reward the employees accordingly. In the given scenario, the manager is:
- Arating contextual performance.
- Busing the management-by-objectives system for appraising performance.
- Crating task behaviors.
- Dusing the goal-based system for appraising performance.
32Which of the following rating errors occurs when a manager assigns relatively high performance ratings to all employees?
- AA severity error
- BA leniency error
- CA horns error
- DA halo error
33In the context of the traditional model of career stages, individuals are likely to view work as less important and find other sources for fulfilling their personal needs and goals in the _____.
- Amaintenance stage
- Bdisengagement stage
- Cestablishment stage
- Dexploration stage
34Which of the following statements is true of the maintenance stage of a traditional career?
- AThe highest growth in the performance of an individual occurs during this stage.
- BThe performance of an individual remains constant during this stage.
- CIt involves creating a meaningful and relevant role in the organization.
- DIt involves an individual gradually beginning to pull away from work in the organization.
35Which of the following statements is true of effective career planning?
- AIt results in a stronger and effective workforce for a firm.
- BThe chief operating officer of a firm usually represents the firm in the career-planning process.
- CCareer planning helps to predict with absolute certainty the level of talent or interest an individual will have in the future.
- DHiring for fit is the least effective selection strategy for career planning because the firm hires individuals who match the firm's values but do not fit different jobs.
36Which of the following is one of the ultimate goals of career management?
- AHaving employees enjoy productive and satisfying work careers
- BPreventing employees from reaching the disengagement stage of their careers
- CPreventing the use of ranking techniques for performance appraisal
- DCreating special career counseling programs for certain categories of employees
37Leroy, a senior manager, has been preoccupied with moving the marketing division of Clifford Inc. to its new office. As he could not monitor the work of his subordinates, he decides to give high ratings to all his subordinates in their performance appraisals, irrespective of their actual performance. In the given scenario, Leroy is most likely to commit a _____.
- Aseverity error
- Bleniency error
- Chorns error
- Dhalo error
38Which of the following is a similarity between leniency and central tendency?
- ABoth are contrast errors in performance appraisals.
- BBoth are types of distributional errors in performance appraisals.
- CBoth occur when people are compared against one another instead of against an objective standard.
- DBoth are behaviors that are never stated as formal requirements of a job.
39Except for _____, it is not always clear that errors in performance appraisals are really errors.
- Ahorns errors
- Bdistributional errors
- Chalo errors
- Dcontrast errors
40Which of the following factors could impact a supervisor's motivation, rather than ability, to provide a meaningful performance appraisal?
- AInadequate job knowledge
- BFavoritism toward specific workers
- CInadequate opportunity to observe employee performance
- DChanging technology, which impacts the supervisor's understanding of an employee's job tasks
41A _____ is developed from critical incidents and uses a substantial number of critical incidents to define specifically all the measures necessary for effective performance.
- Abehavioral observation scale
- BLikert scale
- Cgraphic rating scale
- Dsemantic differential scale
42In the context of the methods for appraising performance, a _____ consists of a statement or question about some aspect of an individual's job performance.
- Asemantic differential scale
- Bgraphic rating scale
- Cbehaviorally anchored rating scale
- Dside-by-side matrix scale
43In _____, performance information is gathered from people on all sides of the manager: above, beside, below, and so forth.
- Athe downward feedback method
- Ba peer assessment
- Cthe negotiated performance appraisal method
- Da 360-degree appraisal
44Andy, a regional manager at a marketing firm, must formally evaluate his immediate subordinates every year. He does so by using a management-by-objectives system. In the given scenario, Andy is involved in _____.
- Aoutbound training
- Bjob evaluations
- Cperformance appraisals
- Dorganizational socialization
45In the context of performance-appraisal methods, one of the major criticisms that had been leveled against graphic rating scales is that they were especially prone to a series of _____.
- Acontrast errors
- Bhalo errors
- Cdistributional errors
- Dhorns errors
46One relatively new innovation in performance-appraisal methods is the use of _____.
- Acareer counseling
- Bthe graphic rating scale
- Ccomputer monitoring
- Dthe forced-distribution method
47_____ involves interaction between an individual employee or manager in an organization and either a line manager or a human resource manager in that organization.
- AA pay survey
- BAn individual assessment
- CInternal discourse
- DCareer counseling
48Which of the following statements defines a performance appraisal?
- AIt is the general set of activities carried out by an organization to improve employee performance.
- BIt is the set of experiences and activities that people engage in related to their job and livelihood over the course of their working life.
- CIt is the specific and formal evaluation of an employee to determine the degree to which the employee is performing his or her job effectively.
- DIt is a phase of career planning in which individuals carefully analyze what they perceive to be their own abilities, competencies, skills, and goals.
49In the management-by-objectives (MBO) system of performance appraisal, an individual's degree of goal attainment:
- Ais the same as the degree of accomplishment of the organization's goals.
- Bbecomes the individual's performance appraisal.
- Cis not used as the basis for performance evaluation of the individual.
- Dis qualitative and subjective.
50Which of the following is a difference between a behavioral observation scale (BOS) and a behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS)?
- AA BARS does not allow managers to rate the frequency with which an individual employee has exhibited each effective and ineffective behavior during the rating period, whereas a BOS does.
- BA BARS uses substantially more of the effective and ineffective behaviors to define specifically all the measures necessary for effective performance than a BOS.
- CA BARS takes more time and can be more expensive to develop than a BOS.
- DA BARS is developed from critical incidents, whereas a BOS is not.
51The second step in the unionization process is:
- Agetting 30 percent of the workers eligible to be represented by the union to sign authorization cards.
- Basking the National Labor Relations Board to conduct a secret ballot election.
- Casking the National Labor Relations Board to define the bargaining unit.
- Dinstituting grievance procedures for resolving disputes between management and the union.
52In the context of unionization, _____ refers to the specifically defined group of employees who are eligible for representation by the union.
- Aa worker thread
- Bthe bargaining unit
- Ca contingent workforce
- Dthe labor council
53_____ may be included in collective bargaining only if both parties agree.
- APermissive items
- BMandatory items
- CObligatory items
- DIntellectual items
54_____ is the process of dealing with employees who are represented by a union.
- ALabor relations
- BAcculturation
- CUnionization
- DJob embeddedness
55When there is a difference of opinion between an employee who is a union member and his or her supervisor, the employee can initially take his or her complaint to _____.
- Aan expatriate
- Bthe chief management officer
- Can arbitrator
- Dthe shop steward
56The American Federation of Labor (AF of L) grew rapidly in the early twentieth century because:
- Aworkers preferred the businesslike approach of the AF of L.
- Bit focused on organizing employees by industry rather than by skills.
- Cworkers preferred the radical nature of the AF of L.
- Dit accepted only skilled craftspersons for specifically defined jobs.
57Robert, the president of the labor union of a company, speaks to the management of the company about the requirement for an extra worker to assist in the delivery process. He suggests hiring one of his cousins for the job, as his cousin has prior experience in the field. The management, however, finds out that there is no requirement for another worker in the unit and Robert made up the reason solely to get a job for his cousin. In the given scenario, Robert has violated the _____.
- ATaft-Hartley Act
- BSherman Antitrust Act
- CLandrum-Griffin Act
- DWagner Act
58Which of the following is a factor that has led to a decline in union membership in recent times?
- AThe changes in legislation that make unionization illegal in most sectors
- BThe inclusion of more women and ethnic minorities in the workforce composition
- CThe fraudulent activities carried out by most union presidents in organizations
- DThe removal of grievance systems for workers by firms to prevent them from joining unions
59In the context of the process of unionization, which of the following is the next step after the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) defines the bargaining unit?
- AUnion organizers petition the workers to conduct an election among themselves.
- BUnion organizers elect officers, establish a meeting site, and begin to recruit members from the labor force in the bargaining unit to join the union.
- CUnion organizers generate interest in unionization among workers.
- DUnion organizers strive to get 30 percent of the eligible workers within the bargaining unit to sign authorization cards requesting a certification election.
60A(n) _____ is the desired result that management tries to achieve on items being negotiated.
- Aleverage point
- Bnegotiation point
- Ctarget point
- Darbitration point
61Which of the following statements is true of union decertification?
- AA union can be decertified only if it is being pressurized by the government to do so.
- BA decertification election is conducted when 30 percent of the eligible employees in the bargaining unit sign the decertification cards.
- CFor decertification to occur, a closed-shop agreement must have existed between the union and the employer.
- DOnce a union has been decertified, a new election cannot be requested for certification for at least 2 years.
62Which of the following statements is true of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)?
- AIt emerged from a dissenting faction of the Knights of Labor.
- BIt merged with the Industrial Workers of the World in 1995.
- CIt classified workers according to their crafts.
- DIt organized the steel, mining, and meatpacking industries.
63Which of the following is a similarity between the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor?
- ABoth organized employees by industry, regardless of their skills or occupation.
- BBoth were composed of various craft unions.
- CBoth focused on the legislative and political activities that affected workers.
- DBoth served as umbrella organizations, with members joining individual unions affiliated with them.
64The negotiations between the management and the union members of a telecommunications company have been going on for four months. However, both parties are unable to agree on a contract. They now feel that reaching an agreement is not imminent. In this case, the management and the union members have reached:
- Atheir target point.
- Btheir resistance point.
- Ca lockout.
- Dan
impasse.
65Each local union has an important elected position called _____, who is a regular employee who functions as a liaison between union members and supervisors.
- Athe shop steward
- Ban apprentice
- Cthe headcounter
- Dan intern
66The primary reason for companies to export jobs to other countries is to:
- Aattract talent from other countries.
- Bcut down on overall costs.
- Cincrease their global presence.
- Dcreate external equity.
67The union president of Grenthall, the national union office of the Social Youth Union, is asked to step down from his position as the management discovered that he was a convicted felon. In the given scenario, which of the following acts is the management implementing?
- AThe Taft-Hartley Act
- BThe Sherman Antitrust Act
- CThe Landrum-Griffin Act
- DThe Wagner Act
68In the process of unionization, after union organizers get 30 percent of the eligible workers within the bargaining unit to sign authorization cards, they must:
- Agenerate interest in unionization among employees.
- Bformulate a closed-shop agreement between management and the union.
- Celect the president and the shop steward of the proposed union.
- Dpetition the National Labor Relations Board to conduct an election.
69If the union membership votes to reject the labor contract after an agreement has been reached between the union and management, then:
- Athe parties must return to the bargaining table.
- Bthe party that can show reasonable cause has the final say.
- Cthe union loses its bargaining power.
- Dthe parties must directly seek government intervention.
70The pool of _____ is a source of replacement labor for companies.
- Aworker threads
- Bshop stewards
- Ccontingent workers
- Dknowledge workers
71During labor negotiations, the management of a company reaches the point where it states that it will give a maximum of 6-percent pay increase to all the employees of the company and not more. Despite threats of further agitation, the management sticks to its decision. In the given scenario, the management has reached its _____.
- Abreak-even point
- Bresistance point
- Ctarget point
- Darbitration point
72A _____ occurs when workers suddenly go on strike, without the authorization of the striker's union and while a binding labor agreement is still in effect.
- Awildcat strike
- Bslowdown strike
- Cwork-in strike
- Dpartial strike
73Which of the following statements is true of the Taft-Hartley Act?
- AIt prohibited employers from hiring nonunion members.
- BIt repealed the right-to-work laws.
- CIt established procedures and listed
tactics that employees could use to conduct strikes. - DIt was established as a response to public outcries against the strikes following World War II.
74Traditionally, union members have been predominantly:
- Ablack males in blue-collar jobs.
- Bwhite males in blue-collar jobs.
- Cworkers from various ethnic backgrounds.
- Dyoung women and children.
75Prior to collective bargaining for a new labor contract, both the management and the union members of a shoe factory decide that it is important that they discuss the issue of the employment of contingent workers in the organization. Both parties thereby include it as a negotiable point for the bargaining session that, if agreed upon, will be entered into the new contract. This point of negotiation falls under the category of _____.
- Apermissive items
- Bmandatory items
- Cprohibited items
- Dintellectual items
76Which of the following statements reflects a current trend in union–management relations in the United States?
- AUnions recognize that they do not have as much power as they once held.
- BBasic issues such as wages and benefits no longer figure in union–management negotiations.
- CLabor unions have negligible power over management in the steel industry.
- DThe relation between labor unions and management has become adversarial.
77Which of the following is a difference between the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor?
- AUnlike the American Federation of Labor, the Knights of Labor organized employees by industry.
- BUnlike the American Federation of Labor, the Knights of Labor was composed of various craft unions.
- CUnlike the Knights of Labor, the American Federation of Labor focused on legislative and political activities.
- DUnlike the Knights of Labor, the American Federation of Labor served as an umbrella organization.
78In the context of union–management relations, the _____ was organized in 1953 to protect the nonstars in baseball by fighting for higher wages, a pension plan, and compensation when a player was unable to play because of an injury.
- ABrotherhood of Professional Baseball Players
- BNational Association of Baseball Players
- CMajor League Baseball Players Association
- DPlayers' Protective Association
79In the negotiation process, a party makes a final offer exactly at the _____ of the other party when it finds out the maximum amount the other party is willing to pay.
- Aresistance point
- Bbreak-even point
- Ctarget point
- Darbitration point
80In the unionization process, the number of representatives that the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) sends to a company to conduct an election is based on the:
- Atype of labor contract proposed to be signed.
- Bstaffing strategy employed by the company.
- Cfinancial strength of the company.
- Dsize of the bargaining unit.
81In the context of unionization in the United States, the _____ was founded in 1869, and its leaders admitted anyone to membership, regardless of race or creed, except for those they considered to be social parasites.
- ACongress of Industrial Organizations
- BKnights of Labor
- CIron Molders
- DAmerican Federation of Labor
82The American Federation of Labor (AF of L) focused on _____.
- Alegislative and political activities
- Bbetter employment contracts
- Ccontrolling the supply of skilled labor
- Dorganizing employees by industry
83Which of the following occurs in the first step of the unionization process?
- AThe National Labor Relations Board conducts an election via secret ballot.
- BEmployees figure some interest in joining a union.
- CEmployees sign authorization cards giving consent to the formation of a union.
- DThe National Labor Relations Board defines the bargaining unit.
84The employees of a manufacturing company are scheduled to have contract negotiations with their employer. While preparing for the negotiations, the employees and the employer decide the parameters of the bargaining session. They agree that wages, benefits, and working hours will be discussed during the session. In the given scenario, the employees and the employer will be discussing _____.
- Apermissive items
- Bmandatory items
- Cobligatory items
- Dintellectual items
85Which of the following statements is true of the American Federation of Labor (AF of L)?
- AIt resorted to extreme violence as a means of settling labor disputes.
- BIt merged with the Knights of Labor in 1995 to consolidate the strengths of both organizations.
- CIt focused on the legislative and political activities that affected workers.
- DIt served as an umbrella organization, with members joining individual unions affiliated with it.
86The _____ requires that national labor unions elect new leaders at least once every 5 years.
- ATaft-Hartley Act
- BWagner Act
- CLandrum-Griffin Act
- DSherman Antitrust Act
87Which of the following reasons led to the merger of the American Federation of Labor (AF of L) and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)?
- ATheir common focus on the legislative and political activities that affected workers
- BTheir common strategy of organizing employees by industry rather than by skills
- CThe common fight of the two groups against the radical nature of the Industrial Workers of the World
- DThe series of strikes after World War II that led to public resentment and demands for union reform
88Which of the following occurs in the final step of the unionization process?
- AThe eligible workers within the bargaining unit sign authorization cards requesting a certification election.
- BThe National Labor Relations Board sends one or more representatives to the facility to conduct an election.
- CThe National Labor Relations Board defines the group of employees who are eligible to be represented by the union.
- DThe union organizers establish a meeting site and recruit members from the labor force in the bargaining unit to join the union.
89Which of the following legislation outlawed closed-shop agreements?
- AThe Taft-Hartley Act
- BThe Wagner Act
- CThe Landrum-Griffin Act
- DThe Sherman Antitrust Act
90Which of the following statements is true of a positive settlement zone?
- AIt refers to an organization achieving the desired results in a negotiation without giving in to the employees' demands.
- BIt refers to an overlap between an organization's and its union's demands and expectations in the bargaining zone.
- CIt refers to a situation where both the management of an organization and its employees agree to have a third-party intervention.
- DIt refers to a phase in the negotiation process that prohibits the use of mediation or arbitration in case of a disagreement.
91In the context of unionization in the United States, the _____ consisted mostly of unskilled workers and advocated extreme violence as a means of settling labor disputes.
- AKnights of Labor
- BCongress of Industrial Organizations
- CAmerican Federation of Labor
- DIndustrial Workers of the World
92A _____ is a legally constituted group of individuals working together to achieve shared job-related goals.
- Acongregation
- Blabor union
- Cself-directed team
- Dfocus group
93The union members of Clarence Corporation, a packaged food manufacturing firm, stage a protest as their demand for higher wages was not met by the management of the firm. During the protest, the union members frequently march to the entrance of the firm holding signs that explain the reason for the protest. They do this in an attempt to intimidate the management. This scenario exemplifies _____.
- Apicketing
- Bfeatherbedding
- Ca boycott
- Dslowdown
94Which of the following strategies is used by owners to minimize union strength in professional sports?
- AFinal-offer arbitration
- BA slowdown
- CA lockout
- DMediation
95Barc Corporation, a coal manufacturing company in the 1920s, refused to negotiate its wage policy with its employees. It also refused to bargain with the elected union members. In the given scenario, Barc Corporation violated the:
- AWagner Act.
- BSherman Antitrust Act.
- CTaft-Hartley Act.
- DLandrum-Griffin Act.
96Which of the following statements is true of the Wagner Act?
- AIt requires unions to file annual financial statements with the Department of Labor.
- BIt prohibits employers from engaging in certain unfair labor practices.
- CIt requires that national labor unions elect new leaders at least once every 5 years.
- DIt prohibits convicted felons from holding national union office.
97A company can minimize unionization by:
- Amaking the union president its official spokesperson.
- Bcreating formal grievance systems for all its workers.
- Cpetitioning the National Labor Relations Board to exempt it from the possibility of unionization.
- Dnot hiring women workers and workers from ethnic minorities who are more likely to join unions.
98Which of the following is a condition that must be met for the decertification of a union?
- AThe union must have served as the official bargaining agent for the employees for at least 3 years.
- BA closed-shop agreement must have existed between the union and the employer.
- CNo labor contract must currently be in force.
- DThe union must have at least hundred members.
99The basic purpose of the _____ was to curtail and limit union practices.
- ATaft-Hartley Act
- BWagner Act
- CRowlatt Act
- DSherman Antitrust Act
100The Landrum-Griffin Act requires:
- Aemployers to not reveal information about their finances to unions.
- Bunions to file annual financial statements with the Department of Labor.
- Cnational labor unions to elect a new leader every year.
- Dprison laborers to submit identification documents before starting work.
101The _____ is an agency within the Department of Health that conducts research to help establish appropriate safety and health criteria.
- ANational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
- BOccupational Safety and Health Review Commission
- CHealth Maintenance Organization
- DPan American Health Organization
102Who among the following individuals is most likely to be susceptible to occupational health hazards?
- ARose, who has to climb a set of metal steps to enter her office
- BSally, who works in a manufacturing company where equipment is arranged in a random manner
- CRobert, who has a congested workstation
- DEdwin, who works for a company that manufactures insecticides
103Which of the following statements is true of dysfunctional behavior in an organization?
- AIt is caused by a poor person–job fit in the organization.
- BIt results in direct financial costs for the organization.
- CIt includes the actions performed by employees who have clinical depression.
- DIt is a result of the affective commitment of employees toward the organization.
104In the context of the causes of stress at work, group pressures, leadership style, and personalities are _____ that can result in stress.
- Atask demands
- Bphysical demands
- Crole demands
- Dinterpersonal demands
105In the context of the differences in how one experiences stress, _____ is characterized as being highly competitive with few interests outside of work.
- AThe Type A personality
- BThe Type B personality
- CHardiness
- DDysfunctional behavior
106Jason, the facilities manager at an automobile manufacturing company, realizes that the number of accidents at the assembly unit has not reduced even after training the workers. Which of the following strategies should he adopt to effectively reduce the number of accidents?
- AReporting every accident to the Department of Labor
- BReducing automation in the assembly unit
- CStopping the existing safety engineering
- DProviding safety incentives to the workers
107In the context of the consequences of stress at work, _____ is a general feeling of exhaustion that develops when an individual simultaneously experiences too much pressure and too few sources of satisfaction.
- Aburnout
- Bturnover
- Cabsenteeism
- Dhardiness
108Which of the following statements defines organizational stressors?
- AThey are various factors in the workplace that can cause stress.
- BThey are actions that an employee performs under stress.
- CThey are direct organizational consequences of employee stress.
- DThey are counterproductive behaviors that occur due to stress.
109In the context of workplace security, _____ is designed to make sure that an employee can afford the medical services he or she may require.
- Aa criteria-style benefits plan
- Ban employee assistance program
- Cunemployment insurance
- Dhealth insurance
110In the context of the causes of stress at work, which of the following is a role demand stressor?
- AOccupation
- BSecurity
- COverload
- DAmbiguity
111In the context of the causes of stress at work, _____ is a physical demand stressor.
- Agroup pressure
- Bjob security
- Ctemperature
- Doverload
112An employee of Speedz Corp., a car manufacturing company, dies on the job because of equipment malfunction. However, the management does not report the incident to the concerned authorities. In this scenario, Speedz Corp. has violated the _____.
- ANational Labor Relations Act
- BWorker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act
- COccupational Safety and Health Act
- DFair Labor Standards Act
113Iron Crafters Inc., a hardware manufacturing company, has employed experts to carefully analyze its operating unit, to identify potential health hazards to employees, and to find solutions to reduce the effects of such hazards. In this scenario, Iron Crafters Inc. is using _____ to improve the security of the workplace.
- Ahardiness
- Bsafety engineering
- Can institutional program
- Da collateral stress program
114The HR manager of Carl Investments, a share broking firm, has decided to arrange regular yoga classes for the employees of the firm. He has taken this decision because many employees have recently complained of poor health due to work load. In the given scenario, the HR manager of Carl Investments is using a(n) _____.
- Ainstitutional program
- Bcollateral stress program
- Cdefined benefit plan
- Ddefined contribution plan
115One important approach to controlling accidents at work is to design more security into the workplace through a process called _____.
- Ahardiness
- Bcircadian rhythm
- Csafety engineering
- Dcollateral safety program
116Many experts believe that the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) is not effective because:
- Aits standards are very comprehensive.
- Bits standards lack clarity.
- Cit releases highly specific standards that are seldom applicable to all industries.
- Dit brings in a completely new set of standards for all industries each year.
117Which of the following statements is true of turnover as an organizational consequence of stress?
- AIt occurs when an employee feigns a legitimate cause as an excuse to stay home for a day.
- BIt adds to the costs of an organization, especially when replacing productive workers.
- CIt occurs when people relocate to a different branch of the same company.
- DIt is a result of increased job embeddedness.
118Which of the following statements best defines the safety climate of an organization?
- AIt is an organizational climate that promotes safe behaviors through extinction.
- BIt is an organizational climate that solely emphasizes accidents rather than safe behaviors.
- CIt is the degree to which the actual physical work environment is safe.
- DIt is the perception of the importance and priority an organization gives to safety.
119Miller, a software programmer, is allotted a new project with a tight deadline. Due to differences in time zones between his location and that of the client, he has to work night shifts thrice a week. Therefore, Miller is most likely to have a negative attitude toward his job due to _____.
- Aoccupational hazards
- Bimproper work schedules
- Cgroup pressures
- Dhardiness
120Which of the following industries had the most number of fatalities in 2014 due to violence at the workplace?
- AThe business services industry
- BThe construction industry
- CThe manufacturing industry
- DThe retail trade industry
121Which of the following is an important ingredient in controlling accidents at work?
- AEmployee training
- BJob embeddedness
- CDisability insurance
- DEthnocentrism
122_____ are organizational programs created specifically to help employees deal with tension and anxiety.
- AEnrichment programs
- BCollateral stress programs
- CInstitutional programs
- DEmployee assistance programs
123Courtessy Corp., a leading law firm, has appointed a counselor who would help junior lawyers in time management. The counselor would help them schedule their court appearances, set the time required to work on each case, and supervise the lawyers. This firm aims to reduce the stress that lawyers face in managing their time. In the given scenario, Courtessy Corp. has most likely adopted a(n) _____.
- Ainstitutional program
- Bcollateral stress program
- Cemployee-fitness program
- Dcareer-counseling program
124Which of the following statements is true of people who work in rotational shifts?
- AThey are less likely to have ulcers than other workers.
- BThey can never establish a new biological rhythm for sleep.
- CTheir bodies easily find equilibrium.
- DThey are not prone to accidents at workplace compared to regular shift workers.
125In the context of wellness programs in organizations, _____ for managing stress include properly designed jobs and work schedules.
- Aenrichment programs
- Bcollateral stress programs
- Cinstitutional programs
- Demployee assistance programs
126In the context of common workplace hazards, _____ refers to a shield or other piece of equipment that keeps body parts from contacting moving machine parts such as gears and conveyor belts.
- Ashearing
- Bmilling
- Ctooling
- Dguarding
127Which of the following is a disadvantage of an employee-fitness program?
- AIt costs more than other stress-management programs.
- BIt attacks stress directly, thereby discouraging employees.
- CIt involves supervision, which is a major source of overload.
- DIt cannot be customized to suit an employee's needs.
128Who among the following has a relatively low-stress job?
- Afirefighter
- Bdietician
- CA military general
- DA commercial airline pilot
129_____ is a person's adaptive response to a stimulus that places excessive psychological or physical demands on him or her.
- AExhaustion
- BConflict
- CStress
- DTurnover
130In her job as a flight attendant, Cotney is required to be on her feet for long periods of time. She helps people with their baggage, pushes food carts, and responds to the customer requests. She needs to be efficient in her work to ensure that she retains her job as her company is in the process of downsizing. The given scenario illustrates the _____ of Cotney's job.
- Atask demands
- Brole demands
- Cinterpersonal demands
- Dphysical demands
131The _____ was passed in 1970 and is the most comprehensive law regarding worker safety.
- AHealth and Safety at Work etc. Act
- BOccupational Safety and Health Act
- CIndustrial Safety and Health Act
- DWorkplace Safety and Health Act
132Which of the following is a direct result of overload?
- AHigher rates of hiring in organizations
- BMore managers going to their office on weekends to get their jobs done
- CIncrease in affective commitment of employees to their organization
- DDecrease in ethnocentrism in the workplace
133A minor explosion occurs at the chemical processing plant of Clement Inc. In order to study the situation and make recommendations for improvements in the plant design to avoid such accidents in future, the company sends a team of experts from its headquarters. These experts analyze the reasons for the accident, identify potential hazards, and suggest measures that the firm can take to protect its employees. In the given scenario, the experts sent to the chemical processing plant are known as _____.
- Asafety engineers
- Binspection officers
- Cgatekeepers
- Dheadhunters
134Which of the following statements is a difference between physical demands and role demands as organizational stressors?
- APhysical demands exist against a background of general life stress, whereas role demands do not.
- BPhysical demand stressors include overload and security, whereas role demand stressors include group pressures and leadership style.
- CPhysical demands have only organizational consequences, whereas role demands have only individual consequences.
- DPhysical demands relate to the job setting, whereas role demands result from ambiguity or conflict that people experience in groups.
135If a person experiences psychological consequences of stress, he or she is most likely to:
- Asuffer from frequent headaches.
- Btake up smoking as a means to relieve stress.
- Csleep too much or not sleep enough.
- Dhave skin conditions such as acne.
136An organization can try to make its workplace safer by:
- Ainvolving the Occupational Safety and Health Administration in the creation of all safety precautions.
- Bfocusing solely on the number of accidents.
- Cfocusing on safe behaviors at
the workplace - Dnot hiring employees with any kind of ailments or disabilities.
137Which of the following statements is true of the safety standards created by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)?
- AThey are published and disseminated to employers across the United States.
- BThey are enforced by the Department of Health.
- CThey focus solely on reducing accidents at the workplace.
- DThey are revised every five years by OSHA inspectors.
138Which of the following statements is true of information technology being a cause of stress at work?
- AIt results in information overload.
- BIt decreases organizational flexibility in sharing information.
- CIt adversely impacts coordination among employees.
- DIt reduces communication among people.
139Which of the following statements is true of the differences in how employees experience stress?
- AType B personalities experience more stress than Type A personalities.
- BMen are more likely to be absent from work because of stress-related problems than women.
- CType A personalities are more easygoing than Type B personalities.
- DWomen are more likely to experience stress at work than men.
140_____ is an individual difference that allows some individuals to experience less stress when dealing with stressful events, and that makes them more effective in dealing with the stress they do experience.
- ADisenchantment
- BSacralization
- CHardiness
- DApathy
141In the context of the differences in how one experiences stress, _____ is characterized as being less aggressive and more easygoing.
- AThe Type A personality
- BThe Type B personality
- CMachiavellianism
- DDysfunctional behavior
142Which of the following statements is true of the influence of the physical work environment on individuals?
- AThe use of music in the workplace has no significant effect on employee attitudes and performance.
- BYounger employees are better able to cope with changes in biological rhythms than are older workers.
- CStudies suggest that changes in the level of illumination have the strongest effect on the attitudes of employees.
- DEmployees who perceive their work environment as dark are generally less satisfied with their jobs.
143Which of the following poses a workplace hazard that may cause accidents?
- ABright lighting at the workplace
- BHorizontal layout of office space
- CPoor housekeeping of office space
- DElevators in the office building
144In the context of stress, the opposite of overload is undesirable because it results in _____.
- Atension
- Banxiety
- Cboredom
- Ddistress
145In the context of the causes of stress at work, _____ is a task demand that can cause stress.
- Aleadership style
- Bgroup pressure
- Cambiguity
- Dsecurity
146Which of the following statements is true of turnover in an organization?
- AIt is likely to be caused by a poor person–job fit.
- BIt is an organizational stressor.
- CIt occurs when people relocate to a different branch of the same company.
- DIt is a result of increased job embeddedness.
147In the context of the causes of stress at work, which of the following is a physical demand stressor?
- ALeadership style
- BSecurity
- CAmbiguity
- DOffice design
148_____ is a set of expected behaviors associated with a position in a group or organization.
- AA role
- BEthnocentrism
- CJob embeddedness
- DA task
149Which of the following statements defines health hazards?
- AIt refers to the stressors associated with the specific job a person performs.
- BIt refers to the elements of the work environment that more slowly and systematically, and perhaps cumulatively, result in damage to an employee's health.
- CIt is a set of expected behaviors associated with a position in a group or organization.
- DIt is a set of general feelings of exhaustion that develop when a healthy individual experiences too much pressure and too few sources of satisfaction.
150Diane, a copy typist at a leading newspaper, is considered the best worker in her team. Because of her high typing speed, her team leader increases daily targets for all the typists. Her teammates want her to reduce her typing speed so that the team leader does not increase the targets any further. Diane, who likes to be efficient and quick in her work, is most likely to be stressed because of the _____ of her job.
- Aphysical demands
- Brole demands
- Cinterpersonal demands
- Dtask demands
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- Quiz on HR, created by J H on 13/11/2019.
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- J H
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