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Biology 102, Exam 2
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Questions in this quiz (42)
1There are 400 A1A1, 400 A1A2, and 200A2A2 individuals in a population. What are the allele frequencies?
- A0.4 A1A1, 0.4 A1A2, 0.2 A2A2
- B0.4 A1, 0.2 A2
- C0.5 A1, 0.5 A2
- D0.6 A1, 0.4 A2
2In a randomly mating population with allele frequencies of 0.6 A1 and 0.4 A2, What are the expected genotypic frequencies in the next generation?
- A0.36 A1 A1, 0.48 A1A2, and 0.16 A2A2
- B0.36 A1 A1, 0.24 A1A2, and 0.16 A2A2
- C0.6 A1 A1, 0.24 A1A2, and 0.4 A2A2
- D0.6 A1 and 0.4 A2
3In a sample from a population there are: 400 A1 A1, 400 A1A2, and 200 A2A2 individuals. Is this population in genetic equilibrium?
- AYes, because the genotype frequencies are 0.4 A1 A1, 0.4 A1A2, and 0.2 A2A2
- BYes, because the allele frequencies sum to 1.
- CProbably not, because there are fewer heterozygotes than expected.
- DProbably not, because there are fewer homozygotes than expected.
4In a sample the following phenotypes of snail shell color were observed: 230 Brown (BB), 740 Pink (BW), 30 Cream (WW). What are the frequencies of the B and W alleles?
- AB: 0.97; W 0.03
- BB: 0.91; W 0.09
- CB: 0.7; W 0.3
- DB. 0.6; W 0.4
5In a sample the following phenotypes of snail shell color were observed: 230 Brown (BB), 740 Pink (BW), 30 Cream (WW). What are the expected genotype frequencies in the population?
- ABB: 0.23; BW: 0.74; WW: 0.03
- BBB: 0.36; BW: 0.48; WW: 0.16
- CBB: 0.46; BW: 0.37; WW: 0.17
6In a sample the following phenotypes of snail shell color were observed: 230 Brown (BB), 740 Pink (BW), 30 Cream (WW). Is the population in genetic equilibrium?
- AYes, because it is a large sample.
- BYes, because allele frequencies sum to 1.
- CNo, because there are more homozygotes than expected.
- DNo, because there are more heterozygotes than expected.
7In a sample from a large population there are: 6 A1 A1, 8 A1A2, and 6 A2A2 individuals. Is this population in genetic equilibrium?
- AYes, because the allele frequencies are 0.5 A1 and 0.5 A2.
- BNo, because there are more heterozygotes than expected.
- CMaybe.
- DMaybe not.
- ECannot determine from this data.
8What are the basic entities or units of evolutionary change-- what is it that evolves?
- AIndividuals
- BFamilies
- CPopulations
- DSpecies
9Which of the following was the first to propose the idea of biological evolution?
- APlato
- BAristotle
- CLamarck
- DDarwin
- EWe don't know.
10Formal biological taxonomy, developing the general form that we still use, began in the 18th century with the work of:
- ADarwin
- BHutton
- CLamarck
- DLinnaeus
11According to Lamarck’s hypothesis giraffes evolved long necks because:
- Aof natural selection.
- Bthey acquire mutations during development.
- Cof the higher fitness of long‐neck giraffes relative to short‐neck ones.
- Dgiraffes stretch their necks while feeding, and the elongation from this stretching is passed on to their offspring.
12A major contribution of Darwin’s geological and paleontological predecessors and contemporaries to the development of his thought was the idea of:
- Anatural selection.
- Bsurvival of the fittest.
- Cthe great age of Earth.
- Dinheritance of acquired characteristics.
- Elineage diversification.
13Cotton‐topped tamarins are small primates with tufts of long white hair on their heads. While studying these creatures, you notice that males with longer hair get more opportunities to mate and father more offspring. To test the hypothesis that having longer hair is adaptive in these males, you should:
- ATest whether other traits in these males are also adaptive
- BLook for evidence of hair in ancestors of tamarins
- CDetermine if hair length is heritable
- DTest whether males with shaved heads are still able to mate
14Which of the following is not a part of Darwin’s mechanism of biological evolution?
- AOver production of offspring.
- BAcquiring adaptations because they are needed.
- CDifferential reproductive success.
- DHeritable variation.
15What is perhaps occurring in a large population with genotype frequencies AA: 0.2, Aa: 0.2, aa: 0.6?
- AMutation
- BInbreeding
- CGenetic drift
- DSelection
- EGene flow
16What is most likely occurring in a very small population with genotype frequencies AA: 0.2, Aa: 0.2, aa: 0.6?
- AMutation
- BInbreeding
- CGenetic drift
- DSelection
- EGene flow
17What is most likely occurring in a large population with genotype frequencies AA: 0.2, Aa: 0.2, aa: 0.6?
- AMutation
- BInbreeding
- CGenetic drift
- DSelection
- EGene flow
18Natural selection operates primarily at the level of:
- AGenes
- BIndividuals
- CPopulation
- DSpecies
- ECommunities
19What do artificial selection and natural selection have in common?
- AThere must be heritable genetic variation on which selection can operate.
- BMutation must be occurring.
- CNothing.
20Differential reproductive success is equivalent to:
- AEvolution
- BNatural selection
- CCompetition
- DAdaptation
21If there are no fitness differences among individuals in a population:
- AThe individuals are well adapted.
- BMutation will cause variation in the population to increase.
- CNatural selection cannot occur.
22What are species?
- APopulations whose members are morphologically distinct from those of other populations.
- BPopulations which are reproductively isolated from other populations for a long period of time.
- CThe tips of divergent evolutionary lineages-- the smallest monophyletic groups on a phylogenetic tree.
23What do the different species concepts have in common?
- AAll are used to try to identify evolutionarily independent populations.
- BAll focus on reproductive isolating mechanisms.
- CNone can be applied to fossil organisms.
- DExcept as criteria for naming species they have nothing in common.
24For which group/taxon does the biological species concept not apply especially well?
- AHumans
- BBacteria
- CDinosaurs
- DFlowering plants
- EFossil diatoms
25Speciation results from:
- AGene flow and genetic divergence.
- BGene flow and genetic isolation.
- CGenetic isolation and genetic divergence.
26What does “allopatric” mean?
- AHaving different alleles.
- BHaving different genes.
- CIn different places.
- DIn the same place.
27Allopatric speciation begins with:
- AGeographical isolation.
- BGenetic divergence.
- CGenetic drift.
28What is another term for genetic isolation?
- AGeographical isolation
- BReproductive isolation
29The most important evolutionary mechanisms in allopatric speciation are:
- ANatural selection and postzygotic reproductive isolation.
- BNatural selection and genetic drift.
- CNatural selection and nonrandom mating.
- DMutation and nonrandom mating.
30What happens when formerly geographically isolated populations come together?
- AReinforcement maintains reproductive isolation.
- BThe two gene pools fuse, becoming one.
- CA hybrid zone forms.
- DA new species evolves.
- EOne population/gene pool goes extinct.
31If two formerly geographically isolated bird species/populations come into contact and readily interbreed, but the hybrid eggs do not hatch, what is most likely to happen?
- ASelection will act on both populations to produce hybrid embryos that hatch.
- BSelection will operate to increase prezygotic isolation of the two species/populations.
- CPrezygotic isolating mechanisms such as mating calls or behavioral differences between the two populations/species will decrease.
- DPostzygotc isolation between the two populations/species will decrease.
32What does “sympatric” mean?
- AHaving similar alleles.
- BHaving similar genes.
- CIn different places.
- DIn the same place.
33Which mode of selection often plays an especially important part in sympatric speciation?
- ADirectional
- BDisruptive/ Diversifying
- CSexual
- DStabilizing
34What are phylogenies?
- AModels depicting evolutionary mechanisms.
- BHypotheses of evolutionary relationships among taxa.
- CGraphical representation of morphological similarities.
- D“Maps” of evolutionary relationships.
35The three domains of life are
- AArchaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
- BPlantae, Fungi, and Animalia
- CEcosystems, Organisms, and Cells
- DPlants, fungi, animals, and protists
36Nodes in a graphical phylogenetic hypothesis (cladogram):
- ARepresent the shared common ancestor of a clade.
- BIdentify the point of divergence of lineages in a clade.
- CIdentify a clade’s analogous structures.
37Which would be most useful in elucidating phylogeny (relatedness)?
- AHomologies.
- BAnalogies.
- CBoth are equally useful.
- DNeither are very useful for inferring relatedness.
38Homologous structures reflect:
- AShared ancestry.
- BSimilarity of function.
- CConvergent evolution.
39Analogous structures reflect:
- AShared ancestry.
- BSimilarity of function.
- CConvergent evolution.
40The bones of the flipper of a penguin (bird) and a dolphin (mammal) – both tetrapods – are_____; the functional flippers are______ .
- Aanalogous; homologous
- Banalogous; analogous also
- Chomologous; analogous
- Dhomologous; homologous also
41Sea snakes, which are reptiles, are similar in body form to eels, which are fish. Sea snakes and eels therefore share a______ body form.
- Aanalogous
- Bhomologous
- Cancestral
- Dmonophyletic
42The phylogenetic hypothesis most likely to be correct is the one:
- AWith the fewest homologies.
- BWith the fewest analogies.
- CWith the most analogies.
- DWith the most homologies.
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- Spring 2020 Biology 102: Intro Bio:Biodiversity/Ecology
- Author
- Selah Lowery
- Language
- English
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